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Cited by 448Sustainable Development and Environmental PolicySustainability and Climate Change GovernanceClimate Change and Sustainable Development

Connecting the sustainable development goals by their energy inter-linkages

Open access
McCollum, David L, Echeverri, Luis Gomez, Busch, Sebastian, Pachauri, Shonali, Parkinson, Simon, Rogelj, Joeri, Krey, Volker, Minx, Jan C +3 more·2018·Environmental Research Letters
DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/aaafe3
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Abstract

The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide guide-posts to society as it attempts to respond to an array of pressing challenges. One of these challenges is energy; thus, the SDGs have become paramount for energy policy-making. Yet, while governments throughout the world have already declared the SDGs to be 'integrated and indivisible', there are still knowledge gaps surrounding how the interactions between the energy SDG targets and those of the non-energy-focused SDGs might play out in different contexts. In this review, we report on a large-scale assessment of the relevant energy literature, which we conducted to better our understanding of key energy-related interactions between SDGs, as well as their context-dependencies (relating to time, geography, governance, technology, and directionality). By (i) evaluating the nature and strength of the interactions identified, (ii) indicating the robustness of the evidence base, the agreement of that evidence, and our confidence in it, and (iii) highlighting critical areas where better understanding is needed or context dependencies should be considered, our review points to potential ways forward for both the policy making and scientific communities. First, we find that positive interactions between the SDGs outweigh the negative ones, both in number and magnitude. Second, of relevance for the scientific community, in order to fill knowledge gaps in critical areas, there is an urgent need for interdisciplinary research geared toward developing new data, scientific tools, and fresh perspectives. Third, of relevance for policy-making, wider efforts to promote policy coherence and integrated assessments are required to address potential policy spillovers across sectors, sustainability domains, and geographic and temporal boundaries. The task of conducting comprehensive science-to-policy assessments covering all SDGs, such as for the UN's Global Sustainable Development Report , remains manageable pending the availability of systematic reviews focusing on a limited number of SDG dimensions in each case.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

This review assesses the literature on interactions between SDG7 energy targets and the non-energy SDGs, scoring 107 targets with a seven-point interaction scale and an IPCC-style confidence assessment. It finds that positive interactions outweigh negative ones in number and magnitude, while highlighting context dependencies and knowledge gaps, especially for SDG2, SDG4, SDG5, SDG8, SDG9, SDG10, SDG14, and SDG15.

Key findings

  • Positive interactions between SDG7 (Energy) and the other SDGs clearly outweigh negative ones, both in number and magnitude (figure 2).
  • The review reports high or very high confidence for positive energy-related interactions with SDG1, SDG3, SDG6, SDG11, SDG12, SDG13, and SDG16; lower agreement and confidence remain for SDG8 and SDG14, among others. For example, air-pollution benefits under SDG3 are scored [+2] with robust evidence, high agreement, and very high confidence, while bioenergy competition with food and water under SDG2/SDG6 is scored [-1,+1] with medium confidence.
  • The two-stage literature review identified more than 170 studies through expert identification; systematic Scopus queries yielded 823 results, from which 100 full manuscripts were reviewed and 53 were classified as “definitely relevant.” The scoring exercise covered 107 individual targets: three for SDG7 and 104 others.
  • Interactions are context-dependent along time, geography, governance, technology, and directionality; for instance, energy access may enable education, employment, and health, but reverse-direction effects are not guaranteed.

Methods

  • Two-stage literature review: first, expert identification of more than 170 studies; second, systematic keyword searches in Scopus using 15 unique queries, one for each SDG other than SDG7 and SDG17, run between 13 and 24 November 2017.
  • Abstract review reduced 823 results to 100 “potentially relevant” papers; full-manuscript review reduced these to 53 “definitely relevant” studies included alongside expert-identified studies.
  • Interactions were scored at the SDG target level using the Nilsson et al (2016) seven-point scale, with evidence robustness (limited/medium/robust), agreement (low/medium/high), and confidence (very low to very high) assessed following IPCC AR5 uncertainty guidance and internal expert elicitation among subsets of authors.

Limitations

  • Stated: systematic database queries alone are insufficient and risk missing seminal gray literature, IPCC assessments, and the Global Energy Assessment; expert elicitation is needed to capture such sources.
  • Stated: no explicit or quantitative weights were given to papers; weighting was implicit/qualitative, and evidence, agreement, and confidence assessments relied on author judgment.
  • Stated: uncertainty remains for some interactions because of context dependencies and less mature quantitative tools; no energy systems or integrated assessment models capture feedback effects between educational attainment and renewables, efficiency, and energy access endogenously. Evident from the text: the review is an expert-scored synthesis rather than a formal meta-analysis, and figure 2 shows only one positive or negative score per SDG, which can mask target-level variation.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1088/1748-9326/aaafe3

Cites

237 of 237 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 118 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingcitation

    Some linkages, notably between the energy and 'non-energy' SDGs, are still not well understood.

    “Yet, some linkages, notably between the energy and 'non-energy' SDGs, are still not well understood”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingreasoning

    This can help reduce the exposure of the world's poor to climate-related extreme events.

    “this, in turn, can help to reduce the exposure of the world's poor to climate-related extreme events”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingcitation

    An up-scaling of renewables and energy efficiency will, in most instances, reinforce targets related to water access, scarcity and management, for example by lowering water demands for thermal cooling at energy production facilities compared to less-efficient fossil energy technologies.

    “An up-scaling of renewables and energy efficiency will, in most instances, reinforce targets related to water access, scarcity and management, for example by lowering water demands for thermal cooling at energy producƟon faciliƟes ('water-for-energy') compared to less-efficient fossil energy technologies.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Parkinson et al. (2016)

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    • cites Strbac (2008)

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    • cites Yillia (2016)

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  • Findingcitation

    Bioenergy and hydropower technologies could, if not managed properly, have counteracting effects that compound existing water-related problems in a given locale.

    “However, bioenergy and hydropower technologies could, if not managed properly, have counteracƟng effects that compound exisƟng water-related problems in a given locale.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Parkinson et al. (2016)

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    • cites Strbac (2008)

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    • cites Yillia (2016)

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  • Findingreasoning

    Many interactions between SDG7 (energy) targets and those of the other SDGs are either uni-directional or bi-directional.

    “Many of interactions between the SDG7 (energy) targets and those of the other SDGs are either uni-directional (i.e. an impact of SDG7 on the others, or vice-versa) or they are bi-directional (simultaneously impacting one another, though often not in complete symmetry).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 62
  • May combine two claims. 33

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Findingnone given

    Overall health effects will depend on the severity of the injuries.

    “Overall health effects will depend on the severity of the injuries”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    'Active travel modes' (such as walking and cycling) represent strategies not only for boosting energy efficiency but also, potentially, for improving health and wellbeing (e.g., lowering rates of diabetes, obesity, heart disease, dementia, and some cancers).

    “'AcƟve travel modes' (such as walking and cycling) represent strategies not only for boosƟng energy efficiency but also, potenƟally, for improving health and wellbeing (e.g., lowering rates of diabetes, obesity, heart disease, demenƟa, and some cancers).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Single interactions scores for clusters of SDG targets are generally the norm; in some cases ranges are given.

    “single interactions scores for clusters of SDG targets are generally the norm; though, in some cases ranges are given.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    Deployment of renewable energy and improvements in energy efficiency globally will aid climate change mitigation efforts.

    “Deployment of renewable energy and improvements in energy efficiency globally will aid climate change miƟgaƟon efforts”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Findingnone given

    Enhanced agricultural productivities and integrated resource management can ameliorate the situation by allowing as much bioenergy to be produced on as little land as possible.

    “Enhanced agricultural producƟviƟes and integrated resource management can ameliorate the situaƟon by allowing as much bioenergy to be produced on as liƩle land as possible.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    Promoting most types of renewables and boosting efficiency greatly aid the achievement of targets to reduce local air pollution and improve air quality; however, the order of magnitude of the effects, both in terms of avoided emissions and monetary valuation, varies significantly between different parts of the world.

    “PromoƟng most types of renewables and boosƟng efficiency greatly aid the achievement of targets to reduce local air polluƟon and improve air quality; however, the order of magnitude of the effects, both in terms of avoided emissions and monetary valuaƟon, varies significantly between different parts of the world.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    If not implemented thoughtfully, this could lead to higher food prices globally, and thus reduced access to affordable food for the poor.

    “If not implemented thoughƞully, this could lead to higher food prices globally, and thus reduced access to affordable food for the poor.”
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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Findingnone given

    A risk associated with these measures is that they could increase rates of road traffic accidents, if the provided infrastructure is unsatisfactory.

    “a risk associated with these measures is that they could increase rates of road traffic accidents, if the provided infrastructure is unsaƟsfactory.”
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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Findingreasoning

    Third and fourth-generation biofuels (e.g., algae) may have lower agricultural market impacts, since they can utilize land that is otherwise unsuitable for food.

    “Thirdand fourth-generaƟon biofuels (e.g., algae) may have lower agricultural market impacts, since they can uƟlize land that is otherwise unsuitable for food”
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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Findingreasoning

    Benefits would especially accrue to those living in the dense urban centers of rapidly developing countries.

    “Benefits would especially accrue to those living in the dense urban centers of rapidly developing countries.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Findingnone given

    Utilization of biomass and biofuels might not lead to any air pollution benefits, depending on the control measures applied.

    “UƟlizaƟon of biomass and biofuels might not lead to any air polluƟon benefits, however, depending on the control measures applied.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Positive interactions between SDG7 (Energy) and the other SDGs outweigh the negative ones, both in number and magnitude.

    “First, we find that positive interactions between the SDGs outweigh the negative ones, both in number and magnitude.”
    • Also stated in: § Interactions between energy and non-energy SDGs and targets · boosted
      “positive interactions between SDG7 (Energy) and the other SDGs clearly outweigh the negative ones, both in number and magnitude.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    Energy access provision (Target 7.1) is a necessary but not sufficient condition for delivering the types of services fundamental to escaping the poverty trap: education (SDG4), employment (SDG8), and quality healthcare (SDG3).

    “An example of the former is energy access provision (Target 7.1), which the literature suggests is a necessary (but not sufficient) condition for delivering the types of services fundamental to escaping the poverty trap: education (SDG4), employment (SDG8), and quality healthcare (SDG3).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    Concentrated solar power tends to be installed in locations with ample sunshine, and these areas are often the same ones under water stress.

    “Concentrated solar power tends to be installed in locaƟons with ample sunshine, and these areas are oŌen the same ones under water stress.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Parkinson et al. (2016)

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    • cites Strbac (2008)

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    Findingreasoning

    The literature is robust in the area of air quality impacts of renewables, and scientific agreement is high regarding the positive impacts.

    “The literature is robust in this area (i.e.relatively expansive with numerous high-quality studies), and scientific agreement is high regarding the positive impacts.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingreasoning

    There is considerable agreement within the existing scientific evidence base that ensuring universal energy access to the poor, deploying most types of renewables at scale and/or boosting energy efficiency efforts will have positive impacts on-or, conversely, will be aided by-the targets for achieving poverty alleviation (SDG1), better human health (SDG3), greater water availability and quality (

    “More specifically, there appears to be considerable agreement within the existing scientific evidence base that ensuring universal energy access to the poor, deploying most types of renewables at scale and/or boosting energy efficiency efforts will have positive impacts on-or, conversely, will be aided by-the targets for achieving poverty alleviation (SDG1), better human health (SDG3), greater”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingreasoning

    The authors assign a 'very high' level of confidence to the nature of the air quality interaction and give it a score of [+2] ('reinforcing').

    “We therefore assign a 'very high' level of confidence to the nature of this interaction and give it a score of [+2] ('reinforcing') (see table 2).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    The literature on bioenergy competition with food and water is less consistent: while there is agreement about potentially negative impacts, there is also contradicting evidence in specific contexts.

    “The literature in this area is, at present, less consistent: while there is agreement about the potentially negative impacts (and the need for policy packages that minimize or avoid these impacts), there is also contradicting evidence in specific contexts.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingreasoning

    The authors assign a 'medium' level of confidence to the nature of the bioenergy interaction and give it a score of [-1, +1] ('constraining' to 'enabling').

    “We therefore assign a 'medium' level of confidence to the nature of this interaction and give it a”
    • Also stated in: § Interactions between energy and non-energy SDGs and targets · plain
      “score of [-1, +1] ('constraining' to 'enabling').”
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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingreasoning

    There are several reasons why uncertainty remains for some of the interactions highlighted in table 2.

    “There are several reasons why uncertainty remains for some of the interactions highlighted in table 2.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Findingown data

    An improved understanding is especially needed for how achievement of the SDG7 (Energy) targets interact with SDG2 (Zero Hunger), SDG4 (Quality Education), SDG5 (Gender Equality), SDG8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), SDG10 (Reduced Inequalities), SDG14 (Life below Water), and SDG15 (Life on Land).

    “According to our analysis of the literature, an improved understanding is especially needed for how achievement of the SDG7 (Energy) targets interact with SDG2 (Zero Hunger), SDG4 (Quality Education), SDG5 (Gender Equality), SDG8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), SDG10 (Reduced Inequalities), SDG14 (Life below Water), and SDG15 (Life on Land).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Positive interactions between SDG7 (Energy) and the other SDGs clearly outweigh the negative ones, both in number and magnitude.

    “First, our analysis indicates that positive interactions between SDG7 (Energy) and the other SDGs clearly outweigh the negative ones, both in number and magnitude (figure 2).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingreasoning

    It is not entirely clear how a transition from a fossil- to a renewable-based energy system globally will affect the labor markets of individual countries and regions (SDG8) or will impact local-scale marine economies (SDG14).

    “For instance, it is not entirely clear how a transition from a fossil-to a renewable-based energy system globally will affect the labor markets of individual countries and regions (SDG8) or will impact local-scale marine economies (SDG14).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    Energy solutions along one SDG dimension could also impose risks of trade-offs, as highlighted in table 2.

    “To be sure, energy solutions along one SDG dimension could also impose risks of trade-offs, as highlighted in table 2.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Premisenone given

    Substitution of renewable energy for fossil fuels results in lower carbon dioxide emissions.

    “the substitution of renewable energy for fossil fuels definitely results in lower carbon dioxide emissions”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductreasoning

    Confidence is linked to agreement, with evidence playing a moderating role.

    “'confidence' is linked to 'agreement', with 'evidence' playing a moderating role.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisereasoning

    Varying grades of synergies and trade-offs exist.

    “varying grades of synergies and tradeoffs exist.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductreasoning

    Efforts to involve multiple people in search query definition and review were geared to ensure consistency in literature selection and reproducibility.

    “our efforts to involve multiple people in the search query definition and abstract and manuscript review exercises were geared to ensure consistency in literature selection across members of the team, as well as a decent level of reproducibility of our efforts by others in future efforts.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    The strength and nature of SDG interactions can be location-specific.

    “the strength and nature of interactions can be locationspecific”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Premisenone given

    Providing electricity access to the poor makes it easier for pupils to study after dark.

    “providing electricity access to the poor makes it easier for pupils to study after dark”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductcitation

    Literature identification and selection proceeded along two routes, in line with commonly applied systematic review procedures.

    “literature identification and selection proceeded along two routes, in line with commonly applied systematic review procedures (Cooper et al 2009, Ringquist 2013).”
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    • cites Cooper et al 2009

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    • cites Ringquist 2013

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    Study design and conductcitation

    We followed IPCC guidelines on consistent treatment of uncertainties for the Fifth Assessment cycle.

    “We followed an established approach in arriving at these evaluations, observing guidelines on the consistent treatment of uncertainties provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for its Fifth Assessment cycle (Mastrandrea et al 2011).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Mastrandrea et al 2011

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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    The task of conducting comprehensive science-to-policy assessments covering all SDGs, such as for the UN's Global Sustainable Development Report, remains manageable pending the availability of systematic reviews focusing on a limited number of SDG dimensions in each case.

    “The task of conducting comprehensive science-to-policy assessments covering all SDGs, such as for the UN's Global Sustainable Development Report, remains manageable pending the availability of systematic reviews focusing on a limited number of SDG dimensions in each case.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Premisereasoning

    Substitution of renewable energy for fossil fuels furthers climate change mitigation goals.

    “therefore furthers climate change mitigation goals”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Our assessment of the literature goes beyond all of these aforementioned studies in important ways, thus filling a notable gap in the energy and sustainability literature.

    “Our assessment of the literature goes beyond all of these aforementioned studies in important ways, thus filling a notable gap in the energy and sustainability literature.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The SDGs are relatively new as a framing concept.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductreasoning

    These assessments are based on the authors' judgment after taking stock of the relevant literature for each SDG dimension.

    “These assessments are based on the authors' judgment, and we were able to arrive at them only after having taken stock of the relevant literature for each SDG dimension.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

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    Premisereasoning

    Providing electricity access to the poor does not guarantee that pupils will actually study.

    “does not guarantee they will actually study”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Premisenone given

    The general conversation on interactions between SDGs has until now been limited either to establishing the presence of a link or, at best, an identification of 'trade-offs' and 'synergies'.

    “The general conversation on interactions between SDGs has until now been limited either to establishing the presence of a link or, at best, an identification of 'trade-offs' and 'synergies'.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    If costs of new energy policies fall disproportionately on the poor, then this could work against the promotion of social, economic and political equality for all.

    “If costs fall disproporƟonately on the poor, then this could work against the promoƟon of social, economic and poliƟcal equality for all.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Certain interactions play out in real time, whereas the impacts of others materialize only after significant time lags.

    “Certain interactions play out in real time, whereas the impacts of others materialize only after significant time lags (e.g.energy infrastructure is long-lived; a unit of carbon released today will still have a global warming effect many decades from now).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Nilsson et al 2016

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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    Transitioning to a more renewably-based energy system that is highly energy efficient is well aligned with the goal of upgrading energy infrastructure and making the energy industry more sustainable.

    “TransiƟoning to a more renewably-based energy system that is highly energy efficient is well alighed with the goal of upgrading energy infrastructure and making the energy industry more sustainable.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    There may be a real trade-off between SDGs due to technological limitations; but when advanced technologies are deployed, the trade-offs may be suppressed, if not eliminated.

    “There may be a real trade-off between SDGs due to technological limitations; but when advanced technologies are deployed, the trade-offs may be suppressed, if not eliminated (e.g. the widespread deployment of electric vehicles could allow for growth in private mobility for the foreseeable future, but with lower impacts on human health, local ecosystems, and the global climate; replacing fossil”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Nilsson et al 2016

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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    Providing universal access to modern energy services by 2030 is fully consistent with the Paris Agreement, as reaching this target will have only a minor effect on global carbon emissions.

    “Providing universal access to modern energy services by 2030 is fully consistent with the Paris Agreement, as reaching this target will have only a minor effect on global carbon emissions.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    Upgrades to fossil energy infrastructure can help improve resource-use efficiency, for example by reducing leaks from natural gas pipelines and fugitive emissions from coal, oil and gas extraction.

    “Upgrades to fossil energy infrastructure can help improve resource-use efficiency (e.g., reducing leaks from natural gas pipelines and fugiƟve emissions from coal, oil and gas extracƟon).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    The distributional costs of new energy policies, such as supporting renewables and energy efficiency, are dependent on instrument design.

    “The distribuƟonal costs of new energy policies (e.g., supporƟng renewables and energy efficiency) are dependent on instrument design.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The interaction between two SDGs can be unidirectional or bidirectional and symmetrical or asymmetrical.

    “The interaction between two SDGs can be (i) unidirectional or bidirectional and (ii) symmetrical or asymmetrical (e.g. the relationship between large-scale utilization of bioenergy on the one hand and food security and the protection of terrestrial ecosystems on the other; see below for an elaboration of this dimension).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Nilsson et al 2016

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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    There are instances where dis-benefits, or trade-offs, could emerge from efforts to ensure energy access and deploy renewables and energy efficiency.

    “There are instances, however, where dis-benefits, or trade-offs, could emerge.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Considerations of time, geography, governance, technology, and directionality are particularly important in assessing SDG interactions.

    “Considerations of time, geography, governance, technology, and directionality are particularly important in this regard (Nilsson et al 2016):”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Nilsson et al 2016

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    Some SDG linkages may involve more than simple two-way interactions, such as the energy-water-land nexus.

    “Note that, while not illustrated by this figure, some SDG linkages may involve more than simple two-way interactions (e.g. the energy-water-land 'nexus').”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Cleaner air means healthier populations that can more productively contribute to the economy.

    “Cleaner air, in turn, means healthier populations that can more productively contribute to the economy.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    Meeting the renewable energy and energy efficiency targets of SDG7 is a necessary, but not entirely sufficient, condition for long-term temperature stabilization below 2°C.

    “MeeƟng the renewable energy and energy efficiency targets of SDG7 is a necessary, but not enƟrely sufficient, condiƟon for long-term temperature stabilizaƟon below 2 ° C.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    These impacts depend on where exactly factories and infrastructure are sited.

    “(These impacts depend on where exactly factories and infrastructure are sited.)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The recycling of carbon pricing revenues offers an option to compensate poor households in the event energy prices rise.

    “For example, the recycling of carbon pricing revenues offers an opƟon to compensate poor households in the event energy prices rise.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Cameron et al. (2016)

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    • cites Casillas and Kammen (2012)

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    • cites Fay et al. (2015)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    The availability of systematic reviews-like that performed in the current paper-will become a pre-condition for those conducting even more comprehensive scientific assessments on the SDGs going forward.

    “What is more, the availability of systematic reviews-like that performed in the current paperwill become a pre-condition for those conducting even more comprehensive scientific assessments on the SDGs going forward, such as the UN's 2019 Global Sustainable Development Report, currently being written (UN-GSDR 2017), which aims to simultaneously address all sustainable goal development goals and”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites UN-GSDR 2017

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The Chinese government already seems to realize this, with respect to the air quality improvements they aim to achieve as a result of their policies for phasing out fossil energy.

    “Incidentally, the Chinese government already seems to realize this, with respect to the air quality improvements they aim to achieve as a result of their policies for phasing out fossil energy (Buckley 2013).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Buckley 2013

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Premisenone given

    Modern energy access can help free up resources (e.g. time, money) for other productive uses.

    “Modern energy access can also help to free up resources (e.g.Ɵme, money) for other producƟve uses.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Modern energy access is critical to enhance agricultural yields/productivity, decrease post-harvest losses, and mechanize agri-processing, all of which can aid food security.

    “Modern energy access is criƟcal to enhance agricultural yields/producƟvity, decrease post-harvest losses, and mechanize agri-processing -all of which can aid food security.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Asaduzzaman et al. (2010)

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Cabraal et al. (2005)

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Das (2017)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Meaningful policy advice requires rigorous evaluation of policy alternatives.

    “Meaningful policy advice requires rigorous evaluation of policy alternatives (Edenhofer andMinx 2014, Edenhofer andKowarsch 2015)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Edenhofer andMinx 2014

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Edenhofer andKowarsch 2015

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationcitation

    A better appreciation for how energy-focused climate change mitigation actions (SDG13) impact air pollutant emissions might ultimately incentivize even stronger energy-climate policies than if climate change were the only concern.

    “Thus, a better appreciation for how energy-focused climate change mitigation actions (SDG13) impact air pollutant emissions might ultimately incentivize even stronger energy-climate policies than if climate change were the only concern (see also Deng et al (2017)).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Deng et al (2017)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    The act of synthesizing adequate scientific evidence for advising policy is both aided and hampered by the recent explosion of accessible scientific information and the sheer breadth of the SDG agenda.

    “The act of synthesizing adequate scientific evidence for advising policy is both aided and hampered by, firstly, the recent explosion of accessible scientific information and, secondly, the sheer breadth of the SDG agenda, which spans a diverse array of scientific communities and disciplines (Le Blanc 2015, ICSU 2017, Minx et al 2017a).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Le Blanc 2015

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites ICSU 2017

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Minx et al 2017a

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    The difficulty of dealing with competing normative viewpoints materializes in particular when synergies and tradeoffs between different SDGs are considered.

    “This difficulty materializes in particular when synergies and tradeoffs between different SDGs are considered, as we illustrate here in this manuscript.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Even for the SDGs where fewer knowledge gaps exist, there may be sub-dimensions where additional research would be important.

    “And to be sure, even for the SDGs where fewer knowledge gaps exist, there may be sub-dimensions where additional research would be important.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Reducing dimensionality in scientific assessments may not always be possible, depending on the scope of the assessment.

    “while Kowarsch et al (2017) suggest, for pragmatic reasons, to reduce dimensionality in scientific assessments, we recognize that this may not always be possible, depending on the scope of the assessment.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Kowarsch et al (2017)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The impact of energy access provision on creating employment and educational opportunities for women (SDG5, SDG10) could certainly be positive, but much depends on how rigid the cultural norms are within the prevailing society.

    “An example would be the impact of energy access provision on creating employment and educational opportunities for women (SDG5, SDG10): the effect could certainly be positive, but much depends on how rigid the cultural norms are within the prevailing society.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    As long as comprehensive and credible reviews are available across the full swath of SDG dimensions, the task of conducting comprehensive scientific assessments on the SDGs remains manageable.

    “As long as comprehensive and credible reviews are available across the full swath of SDG dimensions, this task remains manageable.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    The large number of dimensions covered by the SDGs poses an especially acute challenge for scientific assessments.

    “the large number of dimensions covered by the SDGs poses an especially acute challenge for scientific assessments.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Providing support from the scientific community to ensure that a greater recognition of SDG interactions drives policy practitioners toward socially desirable development pathways remains a challenge.

    “Providing such support remains a challenge, however.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    The international donor community along with non-governmental organizations have a potentially large role to play in helping countries shape policies that cut across sectors, disciplines and geographies.

    “What is more, because of their broad influence and active support to developing countries throughout the world, the international donor community along with non-governmental organizations have a potentially large role to play in helping countries shape policies that cut across sectors, disciplines and geographies.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Integrated, holistic thinking on policy may also serve as a strong motivator for action along individual SDG dimensions.

    “Integrated, holistic thinking on policy may also serve as a strong motivator for action along individual SDG dimensions.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Context-dependencies often make it difficult to draw generalizable conclusions about interactions that may ultimately depend on locally-specific factors.

    “First, the context-dependencies listed previously often make it difficult to draw generalizable conclusions about interactions that may ultimately depend on locally-specific factors.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Systematic queries offer a complement to expert assessment just as much as expert assessment complements systematic queries.

    “Systematic queries offer a complement to expert assessment just as much as expert assessment complements systematic queries.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Only expert elicitation would be able to effectively capture seminal studies in the gray literature.

    “Only expert elicitation would be able to effectively capture the latter.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Having identified numerous interactions, it is clear that the 'silo approach' to policy-making, as traditionally applied in countries the world over, is no longer suitable as a mechanism for effecting systemic change.

    “Moreover, having identified numerous interactions, it is clear that the 'silo approach' to policy-making, as traditionally applied in countries the world over, is no longer suitable as a mechanism for effecting systemic change.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The Indian government is targeting energy access policies as a means to improve the health of the rural poor.

    “Meanwhile, the Indian government is targeting energy access policies as a means to improve the health of the rural poor (Smith 2016).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Smith 2016

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Dealing with competing normative viewpoints becomes highly challenging.

    “Dealing with competing normative viewpoints also becomes highly challenging.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationcitation

    In times of 'big literature', the application of systematic review methodologies alongside 'big data' applications for research synthesis has become crucial for avoiding major selection biases in assessment exercises.

    “In these times of 'big literature', where it becomes impossible for researchers to comprehensively track and keep up with all the progress in their field at all times, the application of systematic review methodologies alongside 'big data' applications for research synthesis has become crucial for avoiding major selection biases in assessment exercises (Minx et al 2017a, 2017b, Nunez-Mir et al 201”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Minx et al 2017a

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Minx et al 2017b

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Nunez-Mir et al 2016

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Failing major pushes toward policy integration, the silo approach could persist indefinitely, and this would not serve the SDGs well, as the possibilities for achieving them would then be seriously compromised.

    “Yet, failing these major pushes toward policy integration, the silo approach could persist indefinitely, and this would not serve the SDGs well, as the possibilities for achieving them would then be seriously compromised.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Access to modern energy services has the potential to empower women by improving their income-earning, entrepreneurial opportunities, autonomy and reducing drudgery.

    “Access to modern energy services has the potenƟal to empower women by improving their income-earning, entrepreneurial opportuniƟes, autonomy and reducing drudgery.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Burney et al. (2017) source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Chowdhury (2010)

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Clancy et al (2011)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Cleaner cooking fuel and lighting access can reduce health risks and drudgery, which are disproportionately faced by women.

    “Cleaner cooking fuel and lighting access can reduce health risks and drudgery, which are disproporƟonately faced by women.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Akter et al. (2017)

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Burney et al. (2017) source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Anenberg et al. (2013)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Large-scale bioenergy production could lead to the creation of agricultural jobs, as well as higher farm wages and more diversified income streams for farmers.

    “Large-scale bioenergy producƟon could lead to the creaƟon of agricultural jobs, as well higher farm wages and more diversified income streams for farmers.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Balishter et al. (1991)

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Creutzig et al. (2013) source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites de Moraes et al. (2010)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The impacts of bioenergy deployment will need to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

    “The impacts of bioenergy deployment will need to be evaluated on a case-bycase basis, however.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Fricko et al. (2016) source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Haines et al. (2007)

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Miara et al. (2014)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Participating in energy supply chains can increase women's opportunities and agency and improve business outcomes.

    “ParƟcipaƟng in energy supply chains can increase women's opportuniƟes and agency and improve business outcomes.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Burney et al. (2017) source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Chowdhury (2010)

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Clancy et al (2011)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Improved access to electric lighting can improve women's safety and girls' school enrollment.

    “Improved access to electric lighƟng can improve women's safety and girls' school enrollment.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Akter et al. (2017)

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Burney et al. (2017) source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Anenberg et al. (2013)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Whether sustainable growth, as an overarching concept, is attainable or not is more disputed in the literature.

    “Whether sustainable growth, as an overarching concept, is aƩainable or not is more disputed in the literature.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Aether (2016)

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Babiker and Eckaus (2007)

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Bertram et al. (2015)

      Not checked in the free run.

84 of 84

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The SDGs are relatively new as a framing concept.

    “Because the SDGs are relatively new as a framing concept, and perhaps also because they are so extensive in their reach, there have been few reviews of the SDG interactions literature to date.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Scopus is the largest database of peer-reviewed literature in existence and therefore provides a powerful tool for identifying such literature.

    “Scopus is the largest database of peer-reviewed literature in existence and therefore provides a powerful tool for identifying such literature.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The SDGs are extensive in their reach.

    “perhaps also because they are so extensive in their reach”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Access to modern energy is necessary for schools to have quality lighting and thermal comfort, as well as modern information and communication technologies.

    “Access to modern energy is necessary for schools to have quality lighƟng and thermal comfort, as well as modern informaƟon and communicaƟon technologies.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Quality education throughout a society raises its general level of human capital, and this collection of knowledge and skills can be drawn upon to promote sustainable development.

    “Quality educaƟon throughout a society (i.e., more and beƩer trained teachers) raises its general level of human capital.This collecƟon of knowledge and skills can then be drawn upon to promote sustainable development, potenƟally influencing the technological, financial, and poliƟcal soluƟons that are feasible to”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Ensuring access to basic housing services implies that households have access to modern energy forms.

    “Ensuring access to basic housing services implies that households have access to modern energy forms.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Improving air quality and bettering human health are major concerns of local policy-makers in India and China.

    “On the one hand, for instance, improving air quality and bettering human health (SDG3) are major concerns of local policy-makers in India and China.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has called on the international donor community and non-governmental organizations to help countries shape policies that cut across sectors, disciplines and geographies.

    “In fact, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has called on these entities to do exactly that.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Many regional and national institutions, both large and small, have begun using the 2030 Agenda as the focus of their actions for the next decades.

    “Many regional and national institutions, both large and small, have begun using the 2030 Agenda as the focus of their actions for the next decades.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    With the arrival of the UN's 2030 Agenda, the notion of integrated and holistic thinking has entered into the global policy discourse in a highly visible way.

    “With the arrival of the UN's 2030 Agenda, the notion of integrated and holistic thinking has entered into the global policy discourse in a highly visible way.”
10 of 10

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The development of circular economy principle-based systems, such as microalgae-bacteria consortia biorefineries, constitutes an option to reduce CO2 emissions within the framework of meeting the international COP21 Paris CO2 emission reduction commitments and UN Sustainable Development Goals.

    “Lastly, the development of circular economy principle-based systems, such as microalgae–bacteria consortia biorefineries, constitutes an option to reduce CO2 emissions within the framework of meeting the international COP21 Paris CO2 emission reduction commitments and UN Sustainable Development Goals [148].”

    From Toward the Enhancement of Microalgal Metabolite Production through Microalgae–Bacteria Consortia (2021) · cites this paper as [148]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 41

  1. DB Climate Change Advisors, 2011, De-Risking Clean Energy Business Models in a Developing Country Context
  2. APCC Austrian Assessment Report, 2014, (AAR14)—Austrian Panel on Climate Change (APCC)
  3. Aranda C, 2014, A Systematic Review of Linkages Between Access to Electricity in Healthcare Facilities, Health Services Delivery, and Health Outcomes: Findings for Emergency Referrals, Maternal and Child Services
  4. Balishter G V K, 1991, Productivity, 32, 484
  5. Burlig F, 2016, Out of the Darkness and Into the Light? Development Effects of Rural Electrification (WP 268)
  6. Cayla J-M, 2013, Proc. ECEEE Summer Stud., 1
  7. CDP, 2015, CDP Policy Briefing: Corporate Ambition and Action on Climate Change
  8. Clancy J S, 2011, Background paper for World Development Report 2012
  9. de Moraes M A F D, 2010, Ethanol and Bioelectricity: Sugarcane in the Future of the Energy Matrix, 44
  10. Deng H-M, 2017, Environ. Res. Lett., 12
  11. EU, 2017, New European Consensus on Development
  12. Ferroukhi R, 2016, Renewable Energy Benefits: Measuring the Economics
  13. Galvão L A C, 2016, Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica/Pan Am. J. Pub. Health, 39, 157
  14. Haby M M, 2016, Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica/Pan Am. J. Pub. Health, 39, 200
  15. Howells M, 2005, Proc. ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Industry: Cutting the High Cost of Energy, 4-48–59
  16. ICSU-ISSC, 2015, Review of the Sustainable Development Goals: The Science Perspective
  17. IPCC ed Pachauri R K, 2014, Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
  18. Khan M, 2015, HBS Working paper 15–73
  19. Köhlin G, 2011, Policy Research Working paper 5800—Background paper for World Development Report 2012
  20. Macknick J, 2012, Environ. Res. Lett., 7
  21. Matinga M N, 2012, Case Study for World Development Report 2012
  22. Meltzer J P, 2016, Financing Low Carbon, Climate Resilient Sustainable Infrastructure: The Role of Climate Finance and Green Financial Systems
  23. Minx J C, 2017, Environ. Res. Lett., 12
  24. Muench D, 2016, Access to Energy and Finance: An Integrated Approach to Capture High-Growth Opportunity in Africa
  25. New Climate Economy, 2014, Better Growth, Better Climate: Global Report
  26. New Climate Economy, 2015, Seizing the Global Opportunity: Partnerships for Better Growth and a Better Climate
  27. Nilsson M, 2017, Important Interactions Among the Sustainable Development Goals under Review at the High-level Political Forum 2017 Working Paper No. 2017–06
  28. Edenhofer O (ed), 2014, Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
  29. PBL, 2012, Roads from Rio+20: Pathways to Achieve Global Sustainability Goalsby 2050
  30. Rao S, 2016, Environ. Res. Lett., 11
  31. SDSN, 2015, Indicators and a Monitoring Framework for the Sustainable Development Goals: Launching a data revolution for the SDGs
  32. Smith K, 2016, The Story of the National LPG Program of India
  33. The Royal Society, 2005, Ocean Acidification Due to Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (Policy document 12/05)
  34. UN, 2015, Agenda for Sustainable Development (A/RES/70/1)
  35. UN, 2016, Mobilizing Sustainable Transport for Development: Analysis and Policy Recommendations from the United Nations Secretary-General’s High-Level Advisory Group on Sustainable Transport
  36. UNDP, 2016, UNDP Policy and Programme Brief: UNDP Support to the Implementation ofthe 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
  37. UN-GSDR, 2017, Global Sustainable Development Report 2019
  38. USGCRP, 2017, Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment
  39. WBCSD, 2017, CEO Guide to the Sustainable Development Goals
  40. WBGU, 2012, Financing the Global Energy-System Transformation (Policy paper 7)
  41. World Bank, 2015, The World Bank Group Support for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (DC2015-0009)

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
McCollum, D. L., Echeverri, L. G., Busch, S., Pachauri, S., Parkinson, S., Rogelj, J., Krey, V., Minx, J. C., Nilsson, M., Stevance, A.-S., & Riahi, K.
Affiliations
  • International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (AT)
  • University of Leeds (GB)
  • Stockholm Environment Institute (SE)
  • International Council for Science (FR)
Corresponding author
McCollum, David L
ORCID
Venue
Environmental Research Letters
Publisher
IOP Publishing
Published
2018-03-01
Volume
13
Issue
3
Pages
033006
ISSN
1748-9326 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1088/1748-9326/aaafe3
OpenAlex
W2617245930
Semantic Scholar
7ba5c7797cbb241245713483c8ad997c0190a87c
Cited by
448
References
237
Citations by year
2026: 27 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 18
FWCI
87.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Environmental Research Letters (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
  • IIASA PURE (International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis) (acceptedVersion)
  • IIASA PURE (International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis) (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • Publication Database PIK (Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)) (submittedVersion)
  • Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (642147)
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Sustainability and Climate Change Governance
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate Change and Sustainable Development
Keywords
Sustainable Development Goals, SDG interactions, energy policy, policy coherence, integrated assessment, context sensitivity, interdisciplinary research

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-10-07.

Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-10-07.

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