Concentration in seed and biotech markets: extent, causes, and impacts
Abstract
The merger of Dow and DuPont, the acquisition of Syngenta by ChemChina, and the acquisition of Monsanto by Bayer have recently reshaped the global seed and biotech industry and caused concern about growing market concentration. This review documents market concentration in seed and agricultural biotech markets and discusses its causes and impacts. The available evidence suggests that concentration in seed markets varies strongly by crop and by country, while markets for biotech traits are considerably more concentrated. Complementarities between seed, biotech, and crop protection chemicals explain much of the observed structural changes in the industry, and new complementarities may be emerging with digital agriculture. Although growing concentration might in theory lead to higher prices and less innovation, evidence on this is currently limited; this tendency is also in part offset by the remedies imposed by competition authorities.
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After the mergers in the farm inputs sector after 2015, only four giant firms were left dominating the global agricultural seed and chemicals sector.
“After the dust settled from these mergers, only four giant firms were left dominating the global agricultural seed and chemicals sector.”
From Corporate concentration and power matter for agency in food systems (2025) · cites this paper as Deconinck 2020
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- Authors
- Deconinck, K.
- Affiliations
- Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Deconinck, Koen
- Venue
- Annual Review of Resource Economics
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2020-10-06
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 129-147
- ISSN
- 1941-1340 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-1359
- OpenAlex
- W3023776774
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 1.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Resource Economics (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Merger and Competition Analysis
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetically Modified Organisms Research
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economics of Agriculture and Food Markets
- Keywords
- market concentration, seed industry, agricultural biotechnology, mergers and acquisitions, plant protection products, digital agriculture, antitrust remedies, seed prices, agricultural innovation
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