Race, Place, and Effective Policing
Abstract
The police need public support and cooperation to be effective in controlling crime and holding offenders accountable. In many disadvantaged communities of color, poor relationships between the police and residents undermine effective policing. Weak police–minority community relationships are rooted in a long history of discriminatory practices and contemporary proactive policing strategies that are overly aggressive and associated with racial disparities. There are no simple solutions to address the complex rift between the police and the minority communities that they serve. The available evidence suggests that there are policies and practices that could improve police–minority community relations and enhance police effectiveness. Police departments should conduct more sophisticated analysis of crime problems to ensure that crime-control programs are not indiscriminate and unfocused, engage residents in their crime reduction efforts by revitalizing community policing, ensure procedurally just police contacts with citizens, and implement problem-solving strategies to prevent crimes beyond surveillance and enforcement actions.
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Research reveals no racial or ethnic differences in actual offense rates for all types of crime, with the exception of serious violent crime.
“Overall, research reveals no racial or ethnic differences in actual offense rates for all types of crime, with the exception of serious violent crime”
From A call to dismantle systemic racism in criminal legal systems. (2022) · cites this paper as Braga et al., 2019
Common benchmarks for assessing racial and ethnic disparities in policing do not account for systemic racism in other sectors that contribute to racially and ethnically disproportionate involvement in criminal legal systems.
“Moreover, these benchmarks do not account for systemic racism in other sectors that contribute to racially and ethnically disproportionate involvement in criminal legal systems (e.g., segregation into areas of concentrated disadvantage that are targeted by hot spots policing; Braga et al., 2019).”
From A call to dismantle systemic racism in criminal legal systems. (2022) · cites this paper as Braga et al., 2019
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Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Police stops to reduce crime: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Najdowski, C. J., & Stevenson, M. C. (2022) · Law and Human Behavior · doi:10.1037/lhb0000510 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“ethnically disproportionate involvement in criminal legal systems (e.g., segregation into areas of concentrated disadvantaged that are targeted by hot spots policing; Braga et al., 2019).”
Background
- Authors
- Braga, A. A., Brunson, R. K., & Drakulich, K. M.
- Affiliations
- Northeastern University (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Sociology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2019-07-30
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 535-555
- ISSN
- 0360-0572 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2115
- OpenAlex
- W2932209410
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 20.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Sociology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Policing Practices and Perceptions
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
- Keywords
- police-community relations, racial disparities in policing, community policing, crime control, procedural justice, proactive policing, police aggression, minority groups, crime prevention, problem-solving policing, public support for policing
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