Problem-oriented policing, deterrence, and youth violence: an evaluation of Boston’s Operation Ceasefire.
Abstract
Operation Ceasefire is a problem-oriented policing intervention aimed at reducing youth homicide and youth firearms violence in Boston. It represented an innovative partnership between researchers and practitioners to assess the city's youth homicide problem and implement an intervention designed to have a substantial near-term impact on the problem. Operation Ceasefire was based on the “pulling levers” deterrence strategy that focused criminal justice attention on a small number of chronically offending gang-involved youth responsible for much of Boston's youth homicide problem. Our impact evaluation suggests that the Ceasefire intervention was associated with significant reductions in youth homicide victimization, shots-fired calls for service, and gun assault incidents in Boston. A comparative analysis of youth homicide trends in Boston relative to youth homicide trends in other major U.S. and New England cities also supports a unique program effect associated with the Ceasefire intervention.
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The Boston Ceasefire Operation found a 25% decrease in citywide fatal and nonfatal gun assaults in the 2 years following the intervention.
“For example, the Boston Ceasefire Operation, a pioneering intervention widely referenced as effective,45 found a 25% decrease in citywide fatal and nonfatal gun assaults in the 2 years following the intervention.46”
From The Peacemaker Fellowship and Urban Gun Violence in Richmond, California (2026) · cites this paper as [46]
There are few community-based violence-prevention programs, firearm-centered or otherwise, that are scientifically supported.
“However, there are few community-based violence-prevention programs, firearms centered or otherwise, that are scientifically supported.”
From Firearm and Nonfirearm Violence After Operation Peacemaker Fellowship in Richmond, California, 1996–2016 (2019) · cites this paper as [2]
Strategies such as Ceasefire and Cure Violence, which typically involve community mobilization, street outreach, and partnerships among frontline staff in police, probation, corrections, and social services sectors, have been tested in cities nationwide.
“Strategies such as Ceasefire2,3 and Cure Violence,4–6 which typically involve community mobilization, street outreach, and partnerships among frontline staff in police, probation, corrections, and social services sectors, have been tested in cities nationwide.”
From Firearm and Nonfirearm Violence After Operation Peacemaker Fellowship in Richmond, California, 1996–2016 (2019) · cites this paper as [2]
Previous evidence on Ceasefire and community policing has shown less substantial results.
“By contrast, previous evidence on Ceasefire and community policing has shown less substantial results.2,3,28”
From Firearm and Nonfirearm Violence After Operation Peacemaker Fellowship in Richmond, California, 1996–2016 (2019) · cites this paper as [2]
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Social Ties, Collective Efficacy and Perceived Neighborhood Property Crime in Guangzhou, China
Jiang, S., Land, K. C., & Wang, J. (2013) · Asian Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1007/s11417-013-9167-1 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Wilson, L., & Boratto, R. (2020) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108810 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
We Trust You, But NotThatMuch: Examining Police–Black Clergy Partnerships to Reduce Youth Violence
Brunson, R. K., Braga, A. A., Hureau, D. M., & Pegram, K. N. (2013) · Justice Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07418825.2013.868505 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationReducing Urban Violence: A Contrast of Public Health and Criminal Justice Approaches
Cerdá, M., Tracy, M., & Keyes, K. M. (2018) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000000756 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
BETTER GUN ENFORCEMENT, LESS CRIME*
Ludwig, J. (2005) · Criminology & Public Policy · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2005.00352.x · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Braga, A., & Pierce, G. L. (2004) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1520/jfs2003205 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationKennedy, D. M. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108278423.010 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- BRAGA, A. A., KENNEDY, D. M., WARING, E. J., & PIEHL, A. M.
- ORCID
- BRAGA, ANTHONY A.
- Venue
- Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2001-08
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 195-225
- ISSN
- 0022-4278 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-731X
- OpenAlex
- W2125710370
- Cited by
- 589
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 24.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Health › Gun Ownership and Violence Research
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Policing Practices and Perceptions
- Keywords
- problem-oriented policing, deterrence, juvenile homicide, youth violence, gun violence, violence intervention programs, Boston, impact evaluation
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