Cited by 1,163Protein Structure and DynamicsRNA and protein synthesis mechanismsEnzyme Structure and Function

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The Protein Folding Problem

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Dill, Ken A., Ozkan, S. Banu, Shell, M. Scott, Weikl, Thomas R.·2008·Annual Review of Biophysics

DOI 10.1146/annurev.biophys.37.092707.153558PMC PMC2443096

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Abstract

The "protein folding problem" consists of three closely related puzzles: (a) What is the folding code? (b) What is the folding mechanism? (c) Can we predict the native structure of a protein from its amino acid sequence? Once regarded as a grand challenge, protein folding has seen great progress in recent years. Now, foldable proteins and nonbiological polymers are being designed routinely and moving toward successful applications. The structures of small proteins are now often well predicted by computer methods. And, there is now a testable explanation for how a protein can fold so quickly: A protein solves its large global optimization problem as a series of smaller local optimization problems, growing and assembling the native structure from peptide fragments, local structures first.

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Authors: Dill, K. A., Ozkan, S. B., Shell, M. S., & Weikl, T. R.
Affiliations: University of California, San Francisco (US)
Arizona State University (US)
University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (DE)
ORCID: Dill, Ken A.
Ozkan, S. Banu
Shell, M. Scott
Weikl, Thomas R.
Venue: Annual Review of Biophysics
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2008-06-01
Volume: 37
Issue: 1
Pages: 289-316
ISSN: 1936-122X (ISSN-L)
1936-1238
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biophys.37.092707.153558
PMC: PMC2443096
OpenAlex: W2129020329
Cited by: 1,163
References: 248
Citations by year: 2026: 51 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 70 · 2013: 82 · 2012: 78
FWCI: 6.04
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Annual Review of Biophysics (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM34993, R01GM034993)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Structural Biology › Enzyme Structure and Function
Keywords: protein folding, folding mechanism, protein structure prediction, de novo protein design, peptide fragments, local optimization, global optimization, folding rate
MeSH terms: Computer Simulation, Models, Chemical, Models, Molecular, Protein Conformation, Proteins, Protein Folding

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