The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY OF INSECT IMMUNE DEFENSES
Abstract
▪ Abstract Evolutionary ecology seeks to understand the selective reasons for the design features of the immune defense, especially with respect to parasitism. The molecular processes thereby set limitations, such as the failure to recognize an antigen, response specificity, the cost of defense, and the risk of autoimmunity. Sex, resource availability, and interference by parasites also affect a response. In turn, the defense repertoire consists of different kinds of immune responses—constitutive or induced, general or specific—and involves memory and lasting protection. Because the situation often defies intuition, mathematical analysis is typically required to identify the costs and benefits of variation in design, but such studies are few. In all, insect immune defense is much more similar to that of vertebrates than previously thought. In addition, the field is now rapidly becoming revolutionized by molecular data and methods that allow unprecedented access to study evolution in action.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Parasites, Bright Males, and the Immunocompetence Handicap
Folstad, I., & Karter, A. J. (1992) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/285346 · Cited by 2,799
Innate Immunity: The Virtues of a Nonclonal System of Recognition
Medzhitov, R., & Janeway, C. A. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80412-2 · Cited by 2,434
Cited by
Cremer, S., Armitage, S. A. O., & Schmid-Hempel, P. (2007) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.06.008 · Cited by 989
Self-citationReproduction–Immunity Trade-Offs in Insects
Schwenke, R. A., Lazzaro, B. P., & Wolfner, M. F. (2016) · Annual Review of Entomology · doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023924 · Cited by 632
What is Phenotypic Plasticity and Why is it Important?
Whitman, D., & Agrawal, A. (2009) · Phenotypic Plasticity of Insects · doi:10.1201/b10201-2 · Cited by 416
Sinclair, B. J., Ferguson, L. V., Salehipour-shirazi, G., & MacMillan, H. A. (2013) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/ict004 · Cited by 308
KARL, I., STOKS, R., DE BLOCK, M., JANOWITZ, S. A., & FISCHER, K. (2011) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02277.x · Cited by 161
Metadata
- Authors
- Schmid-Hempel, P.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Entomology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2005-01-01
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 529-551
- ISSN
- 0066-4170 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4487
- OpenAlex
- W2139822044
- Cited by
- 775
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 0.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY OF INSECT IMMUNE DEFENSES. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1146/annurev.ento.50.071803.130420
- The paper
- Schmid-Hempel, P. (2005). EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY OF INSECT IMMUNE DEFENSES. Annual Review of Entomology. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.50.071803.130420
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
