Temperature extremes and butterfly fitness: conflicting evidence from life history and immune function

KARL, ISABELL; STOKS, ROBBY; DE BLOCK, MARJAN; JANOWITZ, SUSANN A.; FISCHER, KLAUS

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02277.x

Cited by 161Physiological and biochemical adaptationsInsect and Arachnid Ecology and BehaviorAnimal Behavior and Reproduction

Temperature extremes and butterfly fitness: conflicting evidence from life history and immune function

KARL, ISABELL, STOKS, ROBBY, DE BLOCK, MARJAN, JANOWITZ, SUSANN A., FISCHER, KLAUS·2011·Global Change Biology

DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02277.x

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Abstract

Global warming and its associated increase in temperature extremes pose a substantial challenge on natural systems. Tropical ectotherms, living close to their (upper) critical thermal limits, may be particularly vulnerable to global warming, yet they are as a group understudied. Most studies assessing fitness effects under global warming focused on life‐history correlates such as body size and largely neglected immune function. Furthermore they did not consider to what extent temperature effects may be modulated under resource‐based trade‐offs. Against this background we here investigate effects of temperature extremes on fitness‐related adult traits (viz. body mass, fat content, and two key parameters of arthropod immune function: phenoloxidase (PO) activity and haemocyte numbers) at different levels of larval and adult food stress in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana . Body mass and PO activity decreased after short‐term larval food stress, but not fat content and haemocyte numbers (probably owing to compensatory mechanisms during further development). Longer‐term food deprivation in the adult stage, in contrast, diminished performance throughout, confirming that the feeding treatments chosen imposed stress. Temperature manipulations yielded contrary responses between life‐history correlates and immune function: while body mass and fat content increased by increasing temperatures, PO activity and haemocyte numbers decreased. The latter was particularly pronounced under adult food stress, suggesting a resource‐allocation trade‐off. Our data suggest that global warming will not only reduce performance through direct effects of thermal stress, but also through secondary effects on adult immune function, which may be missed when exclusively focussing on other life‐history correlates.

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The analyses are in keeping with predictions of Deutsch et al. that tropical insects should be especially vulnerable to climate warming.
“Fourth, our analyses are in keeping with predictions of Deutsch et al. (5) that tropical insects should be especially vulnerable to climate warming, adding to field and laboratory studies over the past several years that have consistently supported the predicted sensitivity (8, 48–53).”
From Climate-driven declines in arthropod abundance restructure a rainforest food web (2018) · cites this paper as [49]

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Authors: KARL, I., STOKS, R., DE BLOCK, M., JANOWITZ, S. A., & FISCHER, K.
Affiliations: Universität Greifswald (DE)
KU Leuven (BE)
Corresponding author: FISCHER, KLAUS
ORCID: STOKS, ROBBY
FISCHER, KLAUS
Venue: Global Change Biology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2011-01-04
Volume: 17
Issue: 2
Pages: 676-687
ISSN: 1354-1013 (ISSN-L)
1365-2486
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02277.x
OpenAlex: W1945966847
Cited by: 161
References: 100
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 6.63
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Global Change Biology (publishedVersion)
Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion)
Funders: European Science Foundation
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Physiological and biochemical adaptations
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Keywords: temperature extremes, global warming, Bicyclus anynana, immune function, phenoloxidase activity, body mass, fat content, resource allocation trade-offs, life-history traits, thermal stress (biology)

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Temperature extremes and butterfly fitness: conflicting evidence from life history and immune function

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