The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
CpG Motifs in Bacterial DNA and Their Immune Effects
Abstract
Unmethylated CpG motifs are prevalent in bacterial but not vertebrate genomic DNAs. Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing CpG motifs activate host defense mechanisms leading to innate and acquired immune responses. The recognition of CpG motifs requires Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9, which triggers alterations in cellular redox balance and the induction of cell signaling pathways including the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NFκB. Cells that express TLR-9, which include plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) and B cells, produce Th1-like proinflammatory cytokines, interferons, and chemokines. Certain CpG motifs (CpG-A) are especially potent at activating NK cells and inducing IFN-α production by PDCs, while other motifs (CpG-B) are especially potent B cell activators. CpG-induced activation of innate immunity protects against lethal challenge with a wide variety of pathogens, and has therapeutic activity in murine models of cancer and allergy. CpG ODN also enhance the development of acquired immune responses for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination.
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Cites
A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA
Hemmi, H., Takeuchi, O., Kawai, T., Kaisho, T., Sato, S., Sanjo, H., Matsumoto, M., Hoshino, K., Wagner, H., Takeda, K., et al. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35047123 · Cited by 6,491
CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation
Krieg, A. M., Yi, A.-K., Matson, S., Waldschmidt, T. J., Bishop, G. A., Teasdale, R., Koretzky, G. A., & Klinman, D. M. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/374546a0 · Cited by 3,508
Self-citationKadowaki, N., Ho, S., Antonenko, S., de Waal Malefyt, R., Kastelein, R. A., Bazan, F., & Liu, Y.-J. (2001) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.194.6.863 · Cited by 1,964
Mechanism and Function of a Newly Identified CpG DNA Motif in Human Primary B Cells
Hartmann, G., & Krieg, A. M. (2000) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.164.2.944 · Cited by 605
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Cited by
Joshi, N. S., Cui, W., Chandele, A., Lee, H. K., Urso, D. R., Hagman, J., Gapin, L., & Kaech, S. M. (2007) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2007.07.010 · Cited by 1,861
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells sense self-DNA coupled with antimicrobial peptide
Lande, R., Gregorio, J., Facchinetti, V., Chatterjee, B., Wang, Y.-H., Homey, B., Cao, W., Wang, Y.-H., Su, B., Nestle, F. O., et al. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06116 · Cited by 1,910
Induced protein degradation: an emerging drug discovery paradigm
Lai, A. C., & Crews, C. M. (2017) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd.2016.211 · Cited by 1,486
Maintenance of Serological Memory by Polyclonal Activation of Human Memory B Cells
Bernasconi, N. L., Traggiai, E., & Lanzavecchia, A. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1076071 · Cited by 1,304
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: sensing nucleic acids in viral infection and autoimmune diseases
Gilliet, M., Cao, W., & Liu, Y.-J. (2008) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2358 · Cited by 1,190
Metadata
- Authors
- Krieg, A. M.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Immunology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2002-04
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 709-760
- ISSN
- 0732-0582 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-3278
- OpenAlex
- W2118011548
- Cited by
- 2,573
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 9.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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