The DOI matches its Crossref record; 362 of the 362 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
IMMUNOLOGY OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) develops in young adults with a complex predisposing genetic trait and probably requires an inciting environmental insult such as a viral infection to trigger the disease. The activation of CD4+ autoreactive T cells and their differentiation into a Th1 phenotype are a crucial events in the initial steps, and these cells are probably also important players in the long-term evolution of the disease. Damage of the target tissue, the central nervous system, is, however, most likely mediated by other components of the immune system, such as antibodies, complement, CD8+ T cells, and factors produced by innate immune cells. Perturbations in immunomodulatory networks that include Th2 cells, regulatory CD4+ T cells, NK cells, and others may in part be responsible for the relapsing-remitting or chronic progressive nature of the disease. However, an important paradigmatic shift in the study of MS has occurred in the past decade. It is now clear that MS is not just a disease of the immune system, but that factors contributed by the central nervous system are equally important and must be considered in the future.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Neurological deficits in MS patients result from two pathogenic events: acute inflammatory demyelination and axonal injury [150,151].”
From Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Consumption on Brain Health (2022) · cites this paper as [150]
Citations
Cites
Control of Regulatory T Cell Development by the Transcription Factor Foxp3
Hori, S., Nomura, T., & Sakaguchi, S. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1079490 · Cited by 8,187
Axonal transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis
Trapp, B. D., Peterson, J., Ransohoff, R. M., Rudick, R., Mörk, S., & Bö, L. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199801293380502 · Cited by 4,029
Cua, D. J., Sherlock, J., Chen, Y., Murphy, C. A., Joyce, B., Seymour, B., Lucian, L., To, W., Kwan, S., Churakova, T., et al. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01355 · Cited by 2,906
Toll Pathway-Dependent Blockade of CD4 + CD25 + T Cell-Mediated Suppression by Dendritic Cells
Pasare, C., & Medzhitov, R. M. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1078231 · Cited by 2,000
Use of a cDNA microarray to analyse gene expression patterns in human cancer
DeRisi, J. L., Penland, L., Brown, P. O., Bittner, M. L., Meltzer, P. S., Ray, M., Chen, Y.-W., Su, Y. A., & Trent, J. M. (1996) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1296-457 · Cited by 1,952
Counting Antigen-Specific CD8 T Cells: A Reevaluation of Bystander Activation during Viral Infection
Murali‐Krishna, K., Altman, J. D., Suresh, M., Sourdive, D. J. D., Zajac, A. J., Miller, J. D., Slansky, J. E., & Ahmed, R. (1998) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80470-7 · Cited by 1,918
Loss of Functional Suppression by CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Viglietta, V., Baecher‐Allan, C., Weiner, H. L., & Hafler, D. A. (2004) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20031579 · Cited by 1,858
Dendritic Cells Induce Peripheral T Cell Unresponsiveness under Steady State Conditions in Vivo
Hawiger, D., Inaba, K., Dorsett, Y., Guo, M., Mahnke, K., Rivera, M. N., Ravetch, J. V., Steinman, R. M., & Nussenzweig, M. C. (2001) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.194.6.769 · Cited by 1,848
Monney, L., Sabatos, C. A., Gaglia, J. L., Ryu, A., Waldner, H., Chernova, T., Manning, S., Greenfield, E. A., Coyle, A. J., Sobel, R. A., et al. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/415536a · Cited by 1,683
Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis
Johnson, K., Brooks, B., Cohen, J. A., Ford, C., Goldstein, J., Lisak, R., Myers, L., Panitch, H., Rose, J., Schiffer, R., et al. (1995) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.45.7.1268 · Cited by 1,667
Research works printed but not linked: 12
- McFarland HF, 1999, Am. J. Neuroradiol., 20, 1777
- 10.1172/JCI200421357 · DOI
- Charcot J, 1868, Gaz. Hopitaux, 41, 554
- Remlinger J, 1905, Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 19, 625
- Berger T, 1997, Lab. Invest., 76, 355
- 10.1097/00019052-200306000-00004 · DOI
- Sharief MK, 1991, Brain, 114, 181
- Bornstein MB, 1959, Trans. Am. Neurol. Assoc., 84, 165
- 10.1002/1531-8249(200006)47:6<694::AID-ANA2>3.0.CO;2-W · DOI
- Linington C, 1988, Am. J. Pathol., 130, 443
- Benczur M, 1980, Clin. Exp. Immunol., 39, 657
- 10.1002/1531-8249(199909)46:3<296::AID-ANA4>3.0.CO;2-# · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 1,006
MBP-PLP fusion protein-induced EAE in C57BL/6 mice
Kuerten, S., Lichtenegger, F. S., Faas, S., Angelov, D. N., Tary-Lehmann, M., & Lehmann, P. V. (2006) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.03.021 · Cited by 54
Nomura, T., Abe, Y., Kamada, H., Shibata, H., Kayamuro, H., Inoue, M., Kawara, T., Arita, S., Furuya, T., Yamashita, T., et al. (2009) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.12.015 · Cited by 54
Integration of MicroRNA Databases to Study MicroRNAs Associated with Multiple Sclerosis
Angerstein, C., Hecker, M., Paap, B. K., Koczan, D., Thamilarasan, M., Thiesen, H., & Zettl, U. K. (2012) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-012-8270-0 · Cited by 53
Reekmans, K., Praet, J., Vocht, N. D., Tambuyzer, B. R., Bergwerf, I., Daans, J., Baekelandt, V., Vanhoutte, G., Goossens, H., Jorens, P. G., et al. (2010) · Cell Transplantation · doi:10.3727/096368910x543411 · Cited by 53
What Went Wrong? the Flawed Concept of Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency
Valdueza, J. M., Doepp, F., Schreiber, S. J., van Oosten, B. W., Schmierer, K., Paul, F., & Wattjes, M. P. (2013) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2013.31 · Cited by 53
Singh, A., Upadhayay, S., & Mehan, S. (2021) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/s12640-021-00401-6 · Cited by 53
Partial MHC class II constructs inhibit MIF / CD 74 binding and downstream effects
Benedek, G., Meza‐Romero, R., Andrew, S. F., Leng, L., Burrows, G. G., BOURDETTE, D. N., Offner, H., Bucala, R., & Vandenbark, A. A. (2013) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201243162 · Cited by 53
A specific viral cause of multiple sclerosis: One virus, one disease
Lipton, H. L., Liang, Z., Hertzler, S., & Son, K. (2007) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21116 · Cited by 55
Miljković, D. M., Stošić‐Grujičić, S., Marković, M., Momčilović, M. B., Ramić, Z., Maksimović‐Ivanić, D., Mijatović, S., Popadic, D. M., Cvetković, I., & Mostarica‐Stojković, M. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.20883 · Cited by 53
Kacperska, M. J., Jastrzębski, K., Tomasik, B., Walenczak, J., Konarska-Król, M., & Glabinski, A. R. (2014) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-014-0476-3 · Cited by 54
The inflammatory footprints of alcohol-induced oxidative damage in neurovascular components
Alikunju, S., Muneer, P. M. A., Zhang, Y., Szlachetka, A. M., & Haorah, J. (2011) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.01.007 · Cited by 53
Kaushansky, N., Eisenstein, M., Zilkha‐Falb, R., & Ben‐Nun, A. (2009) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2009.08.002 · Cited by 53
αβ T-cell receptors from multiple sclerosis brain lesions show MAIT cell–related features
Held, K., Bhonsle, L., Siewert, K., Sato, W., Beltrán, E., Schmidt, S., Rühl, G., Ng, J. K. M., Engerer, P., Moser, M., et al. (2015) · Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1212/nxi.0000000000000107 · Cited by 56
Targeting the Nogo Receptor Complex in Diseases of the Central Nervous System
McDonald, C., Bandtlow, C. E., & Reindl, M. (2011) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/092986711794088326 · Cited by 53
Cross-reactivity of autoreactive T cells with MBP and viral antigens in patients with MS
Cheng, W. (2011) · Frontiers in bioscience · doi:10.2741/4010 · Cited by 53
Kim, T. W., Kim, Y., Jung, W., Kim, D. E., Keum, H., Son, Y., & Jon, S. (2021) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.01.019 · Cited by 53
Mahmoodi, M., Amiri, H., Ayoobi, F., Rahmani, M., Taghipour, Z., Ghavamabadi, R. T., Jafarzadeh, A., & Sankian, M. (2018) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.051 · Cited by 53
Tomizawa, T., Kaneko, Y., Kaneko, Y., Saito, Y., Ohnishi, H., Okajo, J., Okuzawa, C., Ishikawa-Sekigami, T., Murata, Y., Okazawa, H., et al. (2007) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.179.2.869 · Cited by 52
PRDX6 controls multiple sclerosis by suppressing inflammation and blood brain barrier disruption
Yun, H., Park, K., Kim, E.-C., & Hong, J. T. (2015) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.5205 · Cited by 54
Haegert, D. G., Hackenbroch, J., Duszczyszyn, D. A., Fitz-Gerald, L., Zastepa, E., Mason, H., Lapierre, Y., Antel, J. P., & Bar‐Or, A. (2011) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.12.007 · Cited by 53
Pasquini, M. C., Griffith, L. M., Arnold, D. L., Atkins, H. L., Bowen, J. D., Chen, J. T., Freedman, M. S., Kraft, G. H., Mancardi, G., Martinꝉ, R., et al. (2010) · Transplantation and Cellular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2010.03.012 · Cited by 52
Self-citationGaining entry to an uninflamed brain
Axtell, R. C., & Steinman, L. (2009) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni0509-453 · Cited by 54
Role of glial cells in innate immunity and their role in CNS demyelination
Sriram, S. (2011) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2011.08.012 · Cited by 54
Preimplantation Factor (PIF*) reverses neuroinflammation while promoting neural repair in EAE model
Weiss, L., Or, R., Jones, R. C., Amunugama, R., JeBailey, L., Ramu, S., Bernstein, S. A., Yekhtin, Z., Almogi‐Hazan, O., Shainer, R., et al. (2011) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2011.07.050 · Cited by 52
B-cell depletion with rituximab in the treatment of autoimmune diseases
Nielsen, C. H., Fassi, D. E., Hasselbalch, H. C., Bendtzen, K., & Hegedűs, L. D. (2007) · Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy · doi:10.1517/14712598.7.7.1061 · Cited by 52
Robinson, A. P., Rodgers, J. M., Goings, G. E., & Miller, S. D. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107649 · Cited by 52
Hart, B. A. ‘., Jagessar, S. A., Haanstra, K. G., Verschoor, E. J., Laman, J. D., & Kap, Y. S. (2013) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2013.00145 · Cited by 52
Liu, S., Zhang, M., Zhang, H.-J., Liu, F.-Z., Chu, R.-J., Zhang, G., & Zhu, L. D. (2017) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2017.05.010 · Cited by 52
Blom, K. G., Cuapio, A., Sandberg, J. T., Varnaitė, R., Michaëlsson, J., Björkström, N. K., Sandberg, J. K., Klingström, J., Lindquist, L., Russ, S. G., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02174 · Cited by 52
Yildirimer, L., Zhang, Q., Kuang, S., Cheung, J. C., Chu, K. A., He, Y., Yang, M., & Zhao, X. (2019) · Biofabrication · doi:10.1088/1758-5090/ab17aa · Cited by 54
Multiple Sclerosis as A Painful Disease
Kenner, M., Menon, U., & Elliott, D. G. (2007) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(07)79013-x · Cited by 52
Recognition of self-peptide–MHC complexes by autoimmune T-cell receptors
Deng, L., & Mariuzza, R. A. (2007) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2007.08.007 · Cited by 53
The role of CD8+ T-cells in lesion formation and axonal dysfunction in multiple sclerosis
Mcdole, J. R., Johnson, A. J., & Pirko, I. (2006) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1179/016164106x98125 · Cited by 52
Grigoriadis, N., Grigoriadis, S., Polyzoidou, E., Milonas, I. A., & Karussis, D. M. (2006) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2005.11.006 · Cited by 52
Mohme, M., Hotz, C., Stevanović, S., Binder, T. M. C., Lee, J.-H., Okoniewski, M. J., EIERMANN, T. H., Sospedra, M., Rammensee, H., & Martinꝉ, R. (2013) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awt108 · Cited by 51
Self-citationShen, R., Deng, W., Li, C., & Zeng, G. (2014) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2014.12.015 · Cited by 51
Unaltered regulatory B-cell frequency and function in patients with multiple sclerosis
Michel, L., Chesneau, M., Manceau, P., Genty, A., Garcia, A., Salou, M., Ngono, A. E., Pallier, A., Jacq-Foucher, M., Lefrère, F., et al. (2014) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2014.09.011 · Cited by 51
Raphael, I., Webb, J., Stüve, O., Haskins, W. E., & Forsthuber, T. G. (2014) · Expert Review of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1586/1744666x.2015.991315 · Cited by 51
Multiple sclerosis and cerebral endothelial dysfunction: Mechanisms
Alexander, J. S., Zivadinov, R., Maghzi, A., Ganta, V. C., Harris, M. K., & Minagar, A. (2010) · Pathophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.pathophys.2010.04.002 · Cited by 51
Han, S., Zhang, F., Qian, H., Chen, L., Pu, J.-B., Xie, X., & Chen, J. (2015) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00227 · Cited by 51
Expression of semaphorin 3A, semaphorin 7A and their receptors in multiple sclerosis lesions
Costa, C., Martínez-Sáez, E. A., Gutiérrez-Franco, A., Eixarch, H., Castro, Z., Aznar, A. O., y Cajal, S. R., Montalbán, X., & Espejo, C. (2015) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458515599848 · Cited by 51
Liu, B., Gu, Y., Pei, S., Yu, P., Chen, J., Pham, L. V., Shen, H., Zhang, J., & Wang, H. (2019) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2019.04.020 · Cited by 51
Mitochondrial functionality and metabolism in T cells from progressive multiple sclerosis patients
Biasi, S. D., Simone, A. M., Bianchini, E., Tartaro, D. L., Pecorini, S., Nasi, M., Patergnani, S., Carnevale, G., Gibellini, L., Ferraro, D., et al. (2019) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201948223 · Cited by 51
Pathogenic autoantibodies in multiple sclerosis — from a simple idea to a complex concept
Höftberger, R., Lassmann, H., Berger, T., & Reindl, M. (2022) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-022-00700-2 · Cited by 56
Yousef, H., Tortei, B. M., & Castiglione, F. (2024) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-024-12651-3 · Cited by 56
EMMPRIN, an upstream regulator of MMPs, in CNS biology
Kaushik, D. K., Hahn, J. N., & Yong, V. W. (2015) · Matrix Biology · doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2015.01.018 · Cited by 51
Interferon‐β inhibits toll‐like receptor 9 processing in multiple sclerosis
Balashov, K. E., Aung, L. L., Vaknin‐Dembinsky, A., Dhib-Jalbut, S. S., & Weiner, H. L. (2010) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.22136 · Cited by 51
Melzer, N., & Meuth, S. G. (2013) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/cei.12195 · Cited by 50
Use of Humanized Mice to Study the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases
Koboziev, I., Jones‐Hall, Y., Valentine, J. F., Webb, C. R., Furr, K. L., & Grisham, M. B. (2015) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/mib.0000000000000446 · Cited by 50
Mifflin, K. A., & Kerr, B. J. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.23844 · Cited by 50
Faigle, W., Cruciani, C., Wolski, W., Roschitzki, B., Puthenparampil, M., Ojer, P. T., Sellès‐Moreno, C., Zeis, T., Jelčić, I., Schaeren‐Wiemers, N., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00540 · Cited by 50
Self-citationJie, F., Yang, X., Wu, L., Wang, M., & Lu, B. (2021) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1867819 · Cited by 50
Cunnusamy, K., Baughman, E. J., Franco, J., Ortega, S. B., Sinha, S., Chaudhary, P., Greenberg, B. M., Frohman, E. M., & Karandikar, N. J. (2014) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2014.03.005 · Cited by 50
Bullard, D. C., Hu, X., Adams, J. E., Schoeb, T. R., & Barnum, S. R. (2007) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath.2007.061016 · Cited by 50
Mangalam, A. K., Luckey, D. H., Giri, S., Smart, M. K., Pease, L. R., Rodriguez, M., & David, C. S. (2012) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2012.02.004 · Cited by 50
Wiesemann, E., Deb, M., Trebst, C., Hemmer, B., Stangel, M., & Windhagen, A. (2007) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458507081342 · Cited by 50
Alhusaini, M., Eissa, N., Saad, A. K., Beiram, R., & Sadek, B. S. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.861094 · Cited by 51
Central role of Th2/Tc2 lymphocytes in pattern II multiple sclerosis lesions
Planas, R., Metz, I., Ortiz, Y. M., Vilarrasa, N., Jelčić, I., Salinas, G., Heesen, C., Brück, W., Martinꝉ, R., & Sospedra, M. (2015) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.218 · Cited by 49
Self-citationLipids and lipid-reactive antibodies as biomarkers for multiple sclerosis
Quintana, F. J., Yeste, A., Weiner, H. L., & Covacu, R. (2012) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.01.002 · Cited by 51
Gajate, C., & Mollinedo, F. (2015) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.2mr0215-055r · Cited by 51
Zakharova, M. Y., Belyanina, T. A., Av, S., Сергеевич, К. И., & Mamedov, A. E. (2019) · Acta Naturae · doi:10.32607/20758251-2019-11-4-4-12 · Cited by 49
Amoruso, A., Blonda, M., Gironi, M., Grasso, R., Di Francescantonio, V., Scaroni, F., Furlan, R., Verderio, C., & Avolio, C. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-63282-3 · Cited by 46
Paraoxonase Role in Human Neurodegenerative Diseases
Reichert, C. O., Levy, D., & Bydlowski, S. P. (2020) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox10010011 · Cited by 53
Macrophages and Autoantibodies in Demyelinating Diseases
Koike, H., & Katsuno, M. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10040844 · Cited by 49
Kawakami, N., Odoardi, F., Ziemssen, T., Bradl, M., Ritter, T., Neuhaus, O., Lassmann, H., Wekerle, H., & Flügel, A. (2005) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.175.1.69 · Cited by 49
Therapeutic anti‐integrin (α4 and αL) monoclonal antibodies: two‐edged swords?
González‐Amaro, R., Mittelbrunn, M., & Sánchez‐Madrid, F. (2005) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02225.x · Cited by 49
Restoration of FcRγ/Fyn signaling repairs central nervous system demyelination
Seiwa, C., Yamamoto, M., Tanaka, K., Fukutake, M., Ueki, T., Takeda, S., Sakai, R., Ishige, A., Watanabe, K., Akita, M., et al. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.21196 · Cited by 50
Mini Review: Immune Response to Myelin-Derived Sulfatide and CNS-Demyelination
Halder, R. C., Jahng, A. K., Maricic, I., & Kumar, V. (2006) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-006-9145-4 · Cited by 49
Xie, C., Alcaide, P., Geisbrecht, B. V., Schneider, D., Herrmann, M., Preissner, K. T., Luscinskas, F. W., & Chavakis, T. (2006) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20051681 · Cited by 49
Hygiene hypothesis: Innate immunity, malaria and multiple sclerosis
Sotgiu, S., Angius, A., Embry, A., Rosati, G., & Musumeci, S. (2007) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2006.10.069 · Cited by 49
Dutra, R. C., Moreira, E. L. G., Alberti, T. B., Marcon, R., Prediger, R. D., & Calixto, J. Β. (2013) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.06.002 · Cited by 48
Sun, Y., Cai, T., Shen, Y., Zhou, X., Chen, T., & Xu, Q. (2009) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2009.08.017 · Cited by 48
Hou, S., Liu, C., Li, Y., Yu, J., Feng, L., Liu, Y., Guo, M., Xie, Y., Meng, J., Zhang, H., et al. (2012) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.12002 · Cited by 48
Fissolo, N., Costa, C., Nurtdinov, R., Bustamante, M. F., Llombart, V., Mansilla, M. J., Espejo, C., Montalbán, X., & Comabella, M. (2012) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-9-139 · Cited by 48
Meagher, M. W., Johnson, R. R., Young, E. E., Vichaya, E. G., Lunt, S., Hardin, E. A., Connor, M. A., & Welsh, C. J. (2007) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2007.05.001 · Cited by 48
Muili, K. A., Gopalakrishnan, S., Eells, J. T., & Lyons, J. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067358 · Cited by 48
Structural Transition in Myelin Membrane as Initiator of Multiple Sclerosis
Shaharabani, R., Ram-On, M., Avinery, R., Aharoni, R., Arnon, R., Talmon, Y., & Beck, R. (2016) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.6b04826 · Cited by 48
Zhang, H., Qi, Y., Yuan, Y., Cai, L., Xu, H., Zhang, L., Su, B., & Nie, H. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep41887 · Cited by 48
Lutterotti, A., Hayward-Koennecke, H. K., Sospedra, M., & Martinꝉ, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.640935 · Cited by 49
Self-citationNanotechnology-enabled immunoengineering approaches to advance therapeutic applications
Chuang, S. T., Conklin, B., Stein, J. B., Pan, G., & Lee, K. (2022) · Nano Convergence · doi:10.1186/s40580-022-00310-0 · Cited by 48
Potential role of hydroxytyrosol in neuroprotection
Chen, C., Ai, Q., & Wei, Y. (2021) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2021.104506 · Cited by 47
EBV infection and HLA-DR15 jointly drive multiple sclerosis by myelin peptide presentation
Wang, J., Qiu, Y., Marti, Z., Li, F., Wacker, M., Oldrati, P., Mühlenbruch, L., Jin, L., Zhang, H., Xu, W., et al. (2026) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2025.12.046 · Cited by 52
Self-citationRizzo, R., Gentili, V., Casetta, I., Caselli, E., Gennaro, R. D., Granieri, E., Cassai, E., Luca, D. D., & Rotola, A. (2012) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.07.004 · Cited by 47
Regulatory T-cell as orchestra leader in immunosuppression process of multiple sclerosis
Jadidi‐Niaragh, F., & Mirshafiey, A. (2011) · Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology · doi:10.3109/08923973.2010.513391 · Cited by 48
Pulli, B., Buré, L., Wojtkiewicz, G. R., Iwamoto, Y., Ali, M. Y. J., Li, D., Schob, S., Hsieh, K. L., Jacobs, A. H., & Chen, J. W. (2014) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.14141495 · Cited by 48
Interferon-γ Safeguards Blood-Brain Barrier during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Chen, N., Wang, C., Zhang, J., Qu, L.-W., Liu, X., Lu, Y., Yang, W. C., Deng, J., Lorenz, D., Gao, P., et al. (2014) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.08.019 · Cited by 50
The Role of Th17 in Neuroimmune Disorders: A Target for CAM Therapy. Part III
Vojdani, A., Lambert, J., & Kellermann, G. H. (2009) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1093/ecam/nep064 · Cited by 47
Th1 cells downregulate connexin 43 gap junctions in astrocytes via microglial activation
Watanabe, M., Masaki, K., Yamasaki, R., Kawanokuchi, J., Takeuchi, H., Matsushita, T., Suzumura, A., & Kira, J. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep38387 · Cited by 47
Acharya, S., Timilshina, M., Jiang, L., Neupane, S., Choi, D., Park, S., Lee, S. Y., Jeong, B., Kim, J., Nam, T., et al. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-26088-y · Cited by 47
Obesity Promotes EAE Through IL-6 and CCL-2-Mediated T Cells Infiltration
Ji, Z., Wu, S., Xu, Y., Qi, J., Su, X., & Shen, L. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01881 · Cited by 47
Targeting VIP and PACAP Receptor Signalling: New Therapeutic Strategies in Multiple Sclerosis
Tan, Y., & Waschek, J. A. (2011) · ASN NEURO · doi:10.1042/an20110024 · Cited by 47
Genes, environment, and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis
Sotgiu, S., Pugliatti, M., Fois, M. L., Arru, G., Sanna, A., Sotgiu, M. A., & Rosati, G. (2004) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2004.07.015 · Cited by 47
Crossreactivity of a human autoimmune TCR is dominated by a single TCR loop
Sethi, D. K., Gordo, S., Schubert, D. A., & Wucherpfennig, K. W. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3623 · Cited by 46
Wang, T., Xi, N.-N., Chen, Y., Shang, X.-F., Hu, Q., Chen, J., & Zheng, R. (2014) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.06.029 · Cited by 46
Semaphorins 3A and 7A: potential immune and neuroregenerative targets in multiple sclerosis
Eixarch, H., Gutiérrez-Franco, A., Montalbán, X., & Espejo, C. (2013) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2013.01.003 · Cited by 46
Hedayatpour, A., Kashani, I. R., Pasbakhsh, P., Kafami, L., Atlasi, N., Mahabadi, V. P., Ghasemi, S., & Reza, M. (2013) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 46
Buck, D., Albrecht, E., Aslam, M., Goris, A., Hauenstein, N., Jochim, A., Cepok, S., Grummel, V., Dubois, B., Berthele, A., et al. (2012) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.23749 · Cited by 48
Low-level laser therapy ameliorates disease progression in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis
Gonçalves, E. D., de Souza, P. S., Lieberknecht, V., Pedroso, G. S., Barbosa, R. I., Silveira, P. C. L., Pinho, R. A., & Dutra, R. C. (2015) · Autoimmunity · doi:10.3109/08916934.2015.1124425 · Cited by 46
Wang, D., Li, S., Fu, J., Bai, L., & Guo, L. (2016) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.01.005 · Cited by 46
Immunopathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis
Agrawal, S. M., & Yong, V. W. (2007) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(07)79005-0 · Cited by 46
Metadata
- Authors
- Sospedra, M., & Martin, R.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Cellular Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1400;
- ORCID
- Sospedra, Mireia
- Venue
- Annual Review of Immunology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2005-04-01
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 683-747
- ISSN
- 0732-0582 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-3278
- OpenAlex
- W2113291839
- Cited by
- 2,149
- References
- 362
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 78 · 2019: 84 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 110 · 2016: 107 · 2015: 149 · 2014: 133 · 2013: 144 · 2012: 120
- FWCI
- 19.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Keywords
- multiple sclerosis, autoimmunity, CD4+ T cells, Th1 cells, Th2 cells, regulatory T cells, natural killer cells, CD8+ T cells, complement system, autoantibodies, innate immunity, viral triggers, genetic susceptibility, relapsing-remitting disease, chronic progressive disease, central nervous system, neuroimmune interactions
- MeSH terms
- Autoantibodies, Autoantigens, Central Nervous System, HLA Antigens, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Immunogenetics, Infections, Multiple Sclerosis, Myelin Proteins, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Cytokines, Models, Immunological, Molecular Mimicry, Chemokines, Genomics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review