The DOI matches its Crossref record; 152 of the 152 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Flying Under the Radar: The Immunobiology of Hepatitis C
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a remarkably successful pathogen, establishing persistent infection in more than two-thirds of those who contract it. Its success is related to its abilities to blunt innate antiviral pathways and to evade adaptive immune responses. These two themes may be related. We propose that HCV takes advantage of the impaired innate response to delay the organization of an effective adaptive immune attack. The tolerogenic liver environment may provide cover, prolonging this delay. HCV's error-prone replication strategy permits rapid evolution under immune pressure. Persistent high levels of viral antigens may contribute to immune exhaustion. Finally, the virus may benefit from the efficient enlistment of memory T and B cells in the pursuit of a moving target.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Pathogen Recognition and Innate Immunity
Akira, S., Uematsu, S., & Takeuchi, O. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.015 · Cited by 11,952
Restoring function in exhausted CD8 T cells during chronic viral infection
Barber, D. L., Wherry, E. J., Masopust, D., Zhu, B., Allison, J. P., Sharpe, A. H., Freeman, G. J., & Ahmed, R. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04444 · Cited by 3,986
Seth, R. B., Sun, L., Ea, C.-K., & Chen, Z. J. (2005) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.012 · Cited by 3,329
Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection
Shepard, C. W., Finelli, L., & Alter, M. J. (2005) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(05)70216-4 · Cited by 2,758
Cardif is an adaptor protein in the RIG-I antiviral pathway and is targeted by hepatitis C virus
Meylan, E., Curran, J., Hofmann, K., Moradpour, D., Binder, M., Bartenschlager, R., & Tschopp, J. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04193 · Cited by 2,401
Hepatitis C Viral Dynamics in Vivo and the Antiviral Efficacy of Interferon-α Therapy
Neumann, A. U., Lam, N. P., Dahari, H., Gretch, D. R., Wiley, T. E., Layden, T. J., & Perelson, A. S. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5386.103 · Cited by 2,113
Toll Pathway-Dependent Blockade of CD4 + CD25 + T Cell-Mediated Suppression by Dendritic Cells
Pasare, C., & Medzhitov, R. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1078231 · Cited by 1,997
Innate immune recognition of viral infection
Kawai, T., & Akira, S. (2006) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1303 · Cited by 1,899
Immunology of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection
Rehermann, B., & Nascimbeni, M. (2005) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1573 · Cited by 1,627
Wherry, E. J., Blattman, J. N., Murali-Krishna, K., van der Most, R., & Ahmed, R. (2003) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.77.8.4911-4927.2003 · Cited by 1,610
Cited by
Immune responses and immunopathology in acute and chronic viral hepatitis
Shin, E.-C., Sung, P. S., & Park, S.-H. (2016) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri.2016.69 · Cited by 365
Distinct plasma immune signatures in ME/CFS are present early in the course of illness
Hornig, M., Montoya, J. G., Klimas, N. G., Levine, S., Felsenstein, D., Bateman, L., Peterson, D. L., Gottschalk, C. G., Schultz, A. F., Che, X., et al. (2015) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.1400121 · Cited by 263
The Interferon Inducible Gene: Viperin
Fitzgerald, K. A. (2011) · Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research · doi:10.1089/jir.2010.0127 · Cited by 163
Mechanisms linking pathogens-associated inflammation and cancer
Porta, C., Riboldi, E., & Sica, A. (2011) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2010.10.012 · Cited by 119
Vaccines to Prevent Infections by Oncoviruses
Schiller, J. T., & Lowy, D. R. (2010) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.112408.134019 · Cited by 101
Metadata
- Authors
- Dustin, L. B., & Rice, C. M.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Immunology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2007-04-01
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 71-99
- ISSN
- 0732-0582 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-3278
- OpenAlex
- W2096779842
- Cited by
- 313
- References
- 152
- FWCI
- 2.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Flying Under the Radar: The Immunobiology of Hepatitis C. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141602
- The paper
- Dustin, L. B., & Rice, C. M. (2007). Flying Under the Radar: The Immunobiology of Hepatitis C. Annual Review of Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141602
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.