Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease worldwide and a potential cause of substantial morbidity and mortality in the future. The complexity and uncertainty related to the geographic distribution of HCV infection and chronic hepatitis C, determination of its associated risk factors, and evaluation of cofactors that accelerate its progression, underscore the difficulties in global prevention and control of HCV. Because there is no vaccine and no post-exposure prophylaxis for HCV, the focus of primary prevention efforts should be safer blood supply in the developing world, safe injection practices in health care and other settings, and decreasing the number of people who initiate injection drug use.
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Currently, Egypt has the highest prevalence of chronic hepatitis C infection in the world.
“Currently, Egypt has the highest prevalence of chronic hepatitis C infection in the world [43,44].”
From Liver cirrhosis mortality in 187 countries between 1980 and 2010: a systematic analysis (2014) · cites this paper as [43]
The prevalence of hepatitis B and C is generally low in Latin America.
“The prevalence of hepatitis B and C is generally low in these regions [43,69,73].”
From Liver cirrhosis mortality in 187 countries between 1980 and 2010: a systematic analysis (2014) · cites this paper as [43]
Preventive measures such as screening transfused blood for viral hepatitis, employing appropriate medical hygiene in health facilities, introducing hepatitis B vaccination programs, imposing alcohol trade restrictions and raising taxes on alcohol, and implementing health promotion and education programs to reduce alcohol consumption and harmful alcohol use are relatively inexpensive and cost-ef
“By contrast, preventive measures such as screening transfused blood for viral hepatitis, employing appropriate medical hygiene in health facilities, introducing hepatitis B vaccination programs, imposing alcohol trade restrictions and raising taxes on alcohol, implementing health promotion and education programs to reduce alcohol consumption and harmful alcohol use are relatively inexpensive and”
From Liver cirrhosis mortality in 187 countries between 1980 and 2010: a systematic analysis (2014) · cites this paper as [43]
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Flagged first, then by citations
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- Authors
- Shepard, C. W., Finelli, L., & Alter, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shepard, Colin W
- Venue
- The Lancet Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-09
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 558-567
- ISSN
- 1473-3099 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2106791445
- Cited by
- 2,758
- References
- 146
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 78 · 2019: 91 · 2018: 116 · 2017: 159 · 2016: 176 · 2015: 239 · 2014: 279 · 2013: 281 · 2012: 284
- FWCI
- 12.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2006-10-01)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatitis C virus research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- hepatitis C virus, global epidemiology, chronic hepatitis C, geographic distribution, risk factors, disease progression, HCV prevention, transfusion safety, safe injection practices, intravenous drug use, liver disease
- MeSH terms
- Blood Transfusion, Cross Infection, Hepatitis C, Humans, Risk Factors, Global Health, HIV Infections, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, Needle-Exchange Programs, Hepatitis C, Chronic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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