The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
THE HEME OXYGENASE SYSTEM:A Regulator of Second Messenger Gases
Abstract
▪ Abstract The heme oxygenase (HO) system consists of two forms identified to date: the oxidative stress–inducible protein HO-1 (HSP32) and the constitutive isozyme HO-2. These proteins, which are different gene products, have little in common in primary structure, regulation, or tissue distribution. Both, however, catalyze oxidation of heme to biologically active molecules: iron, a gene regulator; biliverdin, an antioxidant; and carbon monoxide, a heme ligand. Finding the impressive heme-degrading activity of brain led to the suggestion that “HO in brain has functions aside from heme degradation” and to subsequent exploration of carbon monoxide as a promising and potentially significant messenger molecule. There is much parallelism between the biological actions and functions of the CO- and NO-generating systems; and their regulation is intimately linked. This review highlights the current information on molecular and biochemical properties of HO-1 and HO-2 and addresses the possible mechanisms for mutual regulatory interactions between the CO- and NO-generating systems.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Biochemistry of nitric oxide and its redox-activated forms
Stamler, J. S., Singel, D. J., & Loscalzo, J. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1281928 · Cited by 2,744
Intracellular injections of EGTA block induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation
Lynch, G., Larson, J., Kelso, S., Barrionuevo, G., & Schottler, F. (1983) · Nature · doi:10.1038/305719a0 · Cited by 1,116
Stone, J. R., & Marletta, M. A. (1994) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00184a036 · Cited by 647
Iron regulates nitric oxide synthase activity by controlling nuclear transcription.
Weiss, G., Werner-Felmayer, G., Werner, E. R., Grünewald, K., Wachter, H., & Hentze, M. W. (1994) · The Journal of experimental medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.180.3.969 · Cited by 412
Cited by
The NOX Family of ROS-Generating NADPH Oxidases: Physiology and Pathophysiology
Bedard, K., & Krause, K.-H. (2007) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00044.2005 · Cited by 6,989
Ultrafine particulate pollutants induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage
Li, N., Sioutas, C., Cho, A., Schmitz, D., Misra, C., Sempf, J., Wang, M., Oberley, T., Froines, J., & Nel, A. (2003) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.6000 · Cited by 2,097
Heme Enzyme Structure and Function
Poulos, T. L. (2014) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr400415k · Cited by 1,443
Oxidative stress causes enhanced endothelial cell injury in human heme oxygenase-1 deficiency
Yachie, A., Niida, Y., Wada, T., Igarashi, N., Kaneda, H., Toma, T., Ohta, K., Kasahara, Y., & Koizumi, S. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci4165 · Cited by 1,255
Pharmacological and Clinical Aspects of Heme Oxygenase
Abraham, N. G., & Kappas, A. (2008) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.107.07104 · Cited by 1,115
Metadata
- Authors
- Maines, M. D.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 1997-04
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 517-554
- ISSN
- 0362-1642 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4304
- OpenAlex
- W2145530136
- Cited by
- 2,505
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 4.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: THE HEME OXYGENASE SYSTEM:A Regulator of Second Messenger Gases. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.37.1.517
- The paper
- Maines, M. D. (1997). THE HEME OXYGENASE SYSTEM:A Regulator of Second Messenger Gases. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.37.1.517
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
