Pharmacology and physiology of human adrenergic receptor polymorphisms
Abstract
Adrenergic receptors are expressed on virtually every cell type in the body and are the receptors for epinephrine and norepinephrine within the sympathetic nervous system. They serve critical roles in maintaining homeostasis in normal physiologic settings as well as pathologic states. These receptors are also targets for therapeutically administered agonists and antagonists. Recent studies have shown that at least seven adrenergic receptor subtypes display variation in amino acid sequence in the human population due to common genetic polymorphisms. Variations in potential regulatory domains in noncoding sequence are also present. Here, we review the consequences of these polymorphisms in terms of signaling, human physiology and disease, and response to therapy.
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Norepinephrine binds ADRs and collagen binds the glycoprotein VI receptor.
“known receptor binding ligands like norepinephrine (Norepi) and collagen, which bind to ADRs and the glycoprotein VI (GPVI) receptor (Leitinger, 2011; Small et al., 2003), respectively”
From A Cardiovascular Disease-Linked Gut Microbial Metabolite Acts via Adrenergic Receptors (2020) · cites this paper as Small et al., 2003
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False positive non‐synonymous polymorphisms of G‐protein coupled receptor genes
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A Cardiovascular Disease-Linked Gut Microbial Metabolite Acts via Adrenergic Receptors
Nemet, I., Saha, P. P., Gupta, N., Zhu, W., Romano, K. A., Skye, S. M., Cajka, T., Mohan, M. L., Li, L., Wu, Y., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.016 · Cited by 784 · see citing works
Strategies to Discover Unexpected Targets for Drugs Active at G Protein–Coupled Receptors
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- Authors
- Small, K. M., McGraw, D. W., & Liggett, S. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- ORCID
- Liggett, Stephen B.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2003-04
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 381-411
- ISSN
- 0362-1642 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4304
- OpenAlex
- W2162590593
- Cited by
- 323
- References
- 120
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 2.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P01HL041496, HL03986, HL07382, HL 22619, HL 45967, HL 52318, T32HL007382, P50HL052318, HL41496, P01HL022619)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM61376)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES06096, P30ES006096)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD-07463)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Keywords
- adrenergic receptors, genetic polymorphism, epinephrine, norepinephrine, sympathetic nervous system, receptor signaling, amino acid sequence variation, receptor agonists and antagonists, drug response variability, disease
- MeSH terms
- Base Sequence, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Pharmacogenetics, Polymorphism, Genetic, Receptors, Adrenergic, Signal Transduction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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