The DOI matches its Crossref record; 261 of the 261 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Structure and Organization of Memory
Abstract
ly, so that it is sometimes difficult to appreciate what would count for or against it. A difficulty with the systems view is that the definition of the term \system is uncertain, and it is not always clear from studies of normal subjects when behavioral findings justify postulating a separate memory sys tem. The concept of brain systems, while not entirely free of problems itself, provides a more concrete and in the end a more satisfying basis for thinking about memory systems. This is because a long tradition of anatomical and physiological work on the structure and organization of the brain has con cerned itself with the identification and study of separable neural systems, sometimes independently of or in advance of any understanding of their func tional significance.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(1978) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) · Cited by 8,010
Distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex
Felleman, D. J., & Van Essen, D. C. (1991) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/1.1.1 · Cited by 7,783
Rescorla, R. A. (1972) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,342
Human Memory: A Proposed System and its Control Processes
Atkinson, R. C., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1968) · Psychology of Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60422-3 · Cited by 7,216
(1983) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 6,051
Memory and the hippocampus: A synthesis from findings with rats, monkeys, and humans.
Squire, L. R. (1992) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.99.2.195 · Cited by 5,376
Self-citationThree Essays on the Theory of Sexuality
Freud, S. (1905) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,132
A process dissociation framework: Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory
Jacoby, L. L. (1991) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/0749-596x(91)90025-f · Cited by 3,696
The Medial Temporal Lobe Memory System
Squire, L. R., & Zola-Morgan, S. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1896849 · Cited by 3,282
Self-citationContext theory of classification learning
Medin, D. L., & Schaffer, M. M. (1978) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.85.3.207 · Cited by 3,061
Cited by
LeDoux, J. E. (2000) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.23.1.155 · Cited by 8,444
EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance: a review and analysis
Klimesch, W. (1999) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(98)00056-3 · Cited by 6,889
Barsalou, L. W. (1999) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x99002149 · Cited by 6,887
Imaging Cognition II: An Empirical Review of 275 PET and fMRI Studies
Cabeza, R., & Nyberg, L. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/08989290051137585 · Cited by 3,598
Episodic memory, amnesia, and the hippocampal–anterior thalamic axis
Aggleton, J. P., & Brown, M. W. (1999) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x99002034 · Cited by 1,879
Metadata
- Authors
- Squire, L. R., Knowlton, B., & Musen, G.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 1993-01
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 453-495
- ISSN
- 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2085
- OpenAlex
- W2150750597
- Cited by
- 1,123
- References
- 261
- FWCI
- 19.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Structure and Organization of Memory. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1146/annurev.ps.44.020193.002321
- The paper
- Squire, L. R., Knowlton, B., & Musen, G. (1993). The Structure and Organization of Memory. Annual Review of Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.44.020193.002321
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.