Imaging Cognition II: An Empirical Review of 275 PET and fMRI Studies

Cabeza, Roberto; Nyberg, Lars

doi:10.1162/08989290051137585

Cited by 3,598Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesNeurobiology of Language and BilingualismMemory Processes and Influences

Imaging Cognition II: An Empirical Review of 275 PET and fMRI Studies

Cabeza, Roberto, Nyberg, Lars·2000·Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

DOI 10.1162/08989290051137585

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Abstract

Positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have been extensively used to explore the functional neuroanatomy of cognitive functions. Here we review 275 PET and fMRI studies of attention (sustained, selective, Stroop, orientation, divided), perception (object, face, space/motion, smell), imagery (object, space/ motion), language (written/spoken word recognition, spoken/ no spoken response), working memory (verbal/numeric, object, spatial, problem solving), semantic memory retrieval (categorization, generation), episodic memory encoding (verbal, object, spatial), episodic memory retrieval (verbal, nonverbal, success, effort, mode, context), priming (perceptual, conceptual), and procedural memory (conditioning, motor, and nonmotor skill learning). To identify consistent activation patterns associated with these cognitive operations, data from 412 contrasts were summarized at the level of cortical Brodmann's areas, insula, thalamus, medial-temporal lobe (including hippocampus), basal ganglia, and cerebellum. For perception and imagery, activation patterns included primary and secondary regions in the dorsal and ventral pathways. For attention and working memory, activations were usually found in prefrontal and parietal regions. For language and semantic memory retrieval, typical regions included left prefrontal and temporal regions. For episodic memory encoding, consistently activated regions included left prefrontal and medial-temporal regions. For episodic memory retrieval, activation patterns included prefrontal, medial-temporal, and posterior midline regions. For priming, deactivations in prefrontal (conceptual) or extrastriate (perceptual) regions were consistently seen. For procedural memory, activations were found in motor as well as in non-motor brain areas. Analysis of regional activations across cognitive domains suggested that several brain regions, including the cerebellum, are engaged by a variety of cognitive challenges. These observations are discussed in relation to functional specialization as well as functional integration.

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Left inferior frontal gyrus is involved in phonological processing in children and adults.
“The left inferior frontal gyrus has been shown to be involved in phonological processing in children and adults (28, 31, 32).”
From Neural deficits in children with dyslexia ameliorated by behavioral remediation: Evidence from functional MRI (2003) · cites this paper as [32]
Left temporo-parietal cortex is involved in phonological processing in children and adults and is disrupted in children and adults with dyslexia during phonological processing.
“Left temporo-parietal cortex has been shown to be involved in phonological processing in children and adults and to be disrupted in children and adults with dyslexia during phonological processing (5, 12, 28–32).”
From Neural deficits in children with dyslexia ameliorated by behavioral remediation: Evidence from functional MRI (2003) · cites this paper as [32]
Our findings support the idea that episodic memory deficits associated with normal aging reflect above all a failure to implement an efficient strategy in the retrieval of episodic information, with encoding and ecphoric processes being relatively unaffected.
“Thus, our findings support the idea that episodic memory deficits associated with normal aging reflect above all a failure to implement an efficient strategy in the retrieval of episodic information, with encoding and ecphoric processes being relatively unaffected.”
From Voxel-based mapping of brain gray matter volume and glucose metabolism profiles in normal aging (2009) · cites this paper as [11]

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The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks
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Neuroimaging studies of working memory:
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An opportunity cost model of subjective effort and task performance
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The functional neuroanatomy of autobiographical memory: a meta-analysis
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Maintenance, reserve and compensation: the cognitive neuroscience of healthy ageing
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Self-citation
Neural reuse: A fundamental organizational principle of the brain
Anderson, M. L. (2010) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x10000853 · Cited by 1,212 · see citing works
Event perception: a mind-brain perspective
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The cognitive neuroscience of sustained attention: where top-down meets bottom-up.
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Amygdala–frontal connectivity during emotion regulation
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“This is broadly consistent with the role of these regions in cognitive inhibition/control and executive function (Cabeza and Nyberg, 2000; Miller and Cohen, 2001), processes that are relevant to reappraisal-based affect regulation.”
Background
Integrating evidence from neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder: The orbitofronto-striatal model revisited
Menzies, L., Chamberlain, S. R., Laird, A. R., Thelen, S. M., Sahakian, B. J., & Bullmore, E. T. (2008) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.09.005 · Cited by 1,190 · see citing works
Functional neuroanatomy of emotions: A meta-analysis
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A Parametric Manipulation of Factors Affecting Task-induced Deactivation in Functional Neuroimaging
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Neural mechanisms of general fluid intelligence
Gray, J. R., Chabris, C. F., & Braver, T. S. (2003) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1014 · Cited by 1,080 · see citing works
Broad domain generality in focal regions of frontal and parietal cortex
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Lesion analysis of the brain areas involved in language comprehension
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Adult clinical neuropsychology: lessons from studies of the frontal lobes
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The Mind and Brain of Short-Term Memory
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Cortical networks for working memory and executive functions sustain the conscious resting state in man
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Face processing occurs outside the fusiform ‘face area’ in autism: evidence from functional MRI
Pierce, K. (2001) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/124.10.2059 · Cited by 898 · see citing works
Neural substrates for voluntary suppression of negative affect: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study
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Event-related fMRI studies of episodic encoding and retrieval: meta-analyses using activation likelihood estimation
Spaniol, J., Davidson, P. S. R., Kim, A. S. N., Han, H., Moscovitch, M., & Grady, C. L. (2009) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.02.028 · Cited by 791 · see citing works
Interference resolution: Insights from a meta-analysis of neuroimaging tasks
NEE, D. E., WAGER, T. D., & JONIDES, J. (2007) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.7.1.1 · Cited by 798 · see citing works
Neural substrates of envisioning the future
Szpunar, K. K., Watson, J. M., & McDermott, K. B. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0610082104 · Cited by 784 · see citing works
Neural deficits in children with dyslexia ameliorated by behavioral remediation: Evidence from functional MRI
Temple, E., Deutsch, G. K., Poldrack, R. A., Miller, S. L., Tallal, P., Merzenich, M. M., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0030098100 · Cited by 796 · see citing works
From everyday emotions to aesthetic emotions: Towards a unified theory of musical emotions
Juslin, P. N. (2013) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2013.05.008 · Cited by 763 · see citing works
Sustaining attention to simple tasks: A meta-analytic review of the neural mechanisms of vigilant attention.
Langner, R., & Eickhoff, S. B. (2013) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0030694 · Cited by 746 · see citing works
Meta-analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Inhibition and Attention in Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Exploring Task-Specific, Stimulant Medication, and Age Effects
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Posterior cingulate cortex activation by emotional words: fMRI evidence from a valence decision task
Maddock, R. J., Garrett, A. S., & Buonocore, M. H. (2003) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.10075 · Cited by 695 · see citing works
How specific are executive functioning deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism?
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Parietal cortex and representation of the mental Self
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Prefrontal cortex and executive functions in healthy adults: A meta-analysis of structural neuroimaging studies
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Cognitive theory and therapy of anxiety and depression: Convergence with neurobiological findings
Clark, D. A., & Beck, A. T. (2010) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2010.06.007 · Cited by 619 · see citing works
How default is the default mode of brain function?
Fransson, P. (2006) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.06.017 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Cortex and memory: emergence of a new paradigm
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Cortical abnormalities in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
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A Developmental fMRI Study of the Stroop Color-Word Task
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Light as a modulator of cognitive brain function.
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The origin of mind: Evolution of brain, cognition, and general intelligence.
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Remembering familiar people: the posterior cingulate cortex and autobiographical memory retrieval
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Spatiotemporal dynamics of modality-specific and supramodal word processing
Marinkovic, K., Dhond, R. P., Dale, A. M., Glessner, M., Carr, V., & Halgren, E. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00197-1 · Cited by 520 · see citing works
Paul Broca's historic cases: high resolution MR imaging of the brains of Leborgne and Lelong
Dronkers, N. F., Plaisant, O., Iba-Zizen, M. T., & Cabanis, E. A. (2007) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awm042 · Cited by 520 · see citing works
Language in context: Emergent features of word, sentence, and narrative comprehension
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Region-specific changes in prefrontal function with age: a review of PET and fMRI studies on working and episodic memory
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Cognitive processing speed and the structure of white matter pathways: Convergent evidence from normal variation and lesion studies
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Abnormal functional connectivity in autism spectrum disorders during face processing
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Auditory processing in autism spectrum disorder: A review
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Attention and executive functions in remitted major depression patients
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Neurobiology of intelligence: science and ethics
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Mindfulness: Top–down or bottom–up emotion regulation strategy?
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Dissociable contributions of prefrontal and parietal cortices to response selection
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The major symptom dimensions of obsessive-compulsive disorder are mediated by partially distinct neural systems
van den Heuvel, O. A., Remijnse, P. L., Mataix-Cols, D., Vrenken, H., Groenewegen, H. J., Uylings, H. B. M., van Balkom, A. J. L. M., & Veltman, D. J. (2008) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awn267 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Stability of the preclinical episodic memory deficit in Alzheimer's disease
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Dissociable effects of arousal and valence on prefrontal activity indexing emotional evaluation and subsequent memory: an event-related fMRI study
Dolcos, F., LaBar, K. S., & Cabeza, R. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.05.015 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Functional neuroimaging studies of human emotions
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Imagining predictions: mental imagery as mental emulation
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Functional-anatomic correlates of remembering and knowing
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What the left and right anterior fusiform gyri tell us about semantic memory
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Brain metabolic changes during cigarette craving
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Regulation of emotional responses elicited by threat-related stimuli
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Development of the Brain's Default Mode Network from Wakefulness to Slow Wave Sleep
Sämann, P. G., Wehrle, R., Hoehn, D., Spoormaker, V. I., Peters, H., Tully, C., Holsboer, F., & Czisch, M. (2011) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq295 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Episodic memory in normal aging and Alzheimer disease: Insights from imaging and behavioral studies
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Visual Word Recognition in the Left and Right Hemispheres: Anatomical and Functional Correlates of Peripheral Alexias
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Immaturities in reward processing and its influence on inhibitory control in adolescence.
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Neural mechanisms of top-down control during spatial and feature attention
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Voxel-based mapping of brain gray matter volume and glucose metabolism profiles in normal aging
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Authors: Cabeza, R., & Nyberg, L.
Affiliations: University of Alberta (CA)
Umeå University (SE)
ORCID: Cabeza, Roberto
Nyberg, Lars
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Publisher: MIT Press - Journals
Published: 2000-01-01
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-47
ISSN: 0898-929X (ISSN-L)
1530-8898
DOI: 10.1162/08989290051137585
OpenAlex: W1994184572
Cited by: 3,598
References: 378
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 66 · 2020: 125 · 2019: 165 · 2018: 96 · 2017: 96 · 2016: 117 · 2015: 114 · 2014: 136 · 2013: 156 · 2012: 182
FWCI: 14.46
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Keywords: cognitive function, brain activation patterns, functional neuroanatomy, attention, working memory, episodic memory, semantic memory, language processing, perception, imagery, procedural memory, priming, cerebellum, functional specialization, functional integration, Brodmann areas
MeSH terms: Adult, Brain, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Memory, Mental Processes, Tomography, Emission-Computed

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