The DOI matches its Crossref record; 119 of the 119 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Case for Cultural Competency in Psychotherapeutic Interventions
Open accessAbstract
Cultural competency practices have been widely adopted in the mental health field because of the disparities in the quality of services delivered to ethnic minority groups. In this review, we examine the meaning of cultural competency, positions that have been taken in favor of and against it, and the guidelines for its practice in the mental health field. Empirical research that tests the benefits of cultural competency is discussed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“When compared to White Americans, racial/ethnic minority populations have less access to mental health care, are less likely to receive care, and when they do, it tends to be poorer in quality (Institute of Medicine, 2001; Sue, Zane, Nagayama Hall, & Berger, 2009; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [DHHS], 2001).”
From Guest Editors' Introduction to the Special Section: Cultural Adaptation of Mental Health Interventions for Americans of East Asian Descent (2019) · cites this paper as Sue, Zane, Nagayama Hall, & Berger, 2009
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Importantly, the cross-cultural validity of these processes is actively debated.”
From Differential associations of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy processes with psychological distress across racial groups. (2026) · cites this paper as [19]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Unequal treatment: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care
(2003) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.40-5843 · Cited by 7,043
“Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct”
Ford, G. G. (2000) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781482274400-4 · Cited by 4,258
Multicultural Counseling Competencies and Standards: A Call to the Profession
SUE, D. W., ARREDONDO, P., & McDAVIS, R. J. (1992) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1992.tb01642.x · Cited by 2,367
Satcher, D. S. (2001) · University Libraries (University of Maryland) · doi:10.13016/jela-ckxw · Cited by 2,016
The Effect of Race and Sex on Physicians' Recommendations for Cardiac Catheterization
Schulman, K. A., Berlin, J. A., Harless, W., Kerner, J. F., Sistrunk, S., Gersh, B. J., Dubé, R., Taleghani, C. K., Burke, J. E., Williams, S., et al. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199902253400806 · Cited by 1,934
Manese, J. E., Croteau, J. P., Helms, J. E., Horwatt, S., Boggs, K., & Stone, G. (2003) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.58.5.377 · Cited by 1,703
Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct.
(2015) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/14805-030 · Cited by 1,682
Update on empirically validated therapies, II: (619622010-001)
Chambless, D. L., Baker, M. J., Baucom, D. H., Beutler, L. E., Calhoun, K. S., Crits-Christoph, P., Daiuto, A., DeRubeis, R., Detweiler, J., Haaga, D. A. F., et al. (1997) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e619622010-001 · Cited by 1,488
Culturally adapted mental health intervention: a meta-analytic review
Griner, D., & Smith, T. B. (2006) · Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training · doi:10.1037/0033-3204.43.4.531 · Cited by 1,236
The Cultural Adaptation of Prevention Interventions: Resolving Tensions Between Fidelity and Fit
Castro, F. G., Barrera, M., & Martinez, C. R. (2004) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1023/b:prev.0000013980.12412.cd · Cited by 1,228
Research works printed but not linked: 16
- Agency Healthcare Res. Qual., 2004, Setting the Agenda on Cultural Competence in Health Care
- 10.1037/0003-066X.57.12.1060 · DOI · Paper page
- Am. Psychiatr. Assoc. Steering Comm. to Reduce Disparities in Access to Psychiatr. Care, 2004, Reducing Mental Health Disparities for Racial and Ethnic Minorities: A Plan of Action
- Belgrave FZ, 2002, Public Health Rep., 117, 76
- Chambless DL, 1996, Clin. Psychol., 49, 5
- Comas-Díaz L, 2006, Psychother. Theory Res. Pract. Train., 43, 453
- Constantine MG, 2008, Handbook of Counseling Psychology
- Ivey MB, 1997, Couns. Today, 40, 42
- López SR, 1997, Handbook for Psychotherapy Supervision, 570
- President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health, 2003, Report of the President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health
- 10.1037//0893-3200.17.1.121 · DOI
- Satel S, 1999, Multicultural Mental Health: Does Your Skin Color Matter More Than Your Mind?
- 10.1037//0022-0167.35.1.87 · DOI
- Sue DW, 1996, ACES Spectrum, 57, 9
- Szapocznik J, 2003, National Strategic Plan on Hispanic Drug Abuse Research: From the Molecule to the Community, 91
- Weinrach SG, 2002, J. Ment. Health Couns., 24, 20
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–661 of 661
Diversity, equity, inclusion and belonging in EAS: A microcosm of non-traditional education
Vincent, A., Nieforth, L. O., John, K. D., & Schafroth, J. L. (2025) · Human-Animal Interactions · doi:10.1079/hai.2025.0028 · Cited by 1
Analisis Kurikulum Program Bimbingan Penyuluhan Islam (BPI) STAI As-Sunnah Deli Serdang
Rozaanah (2025) · Al-wa iyah · doi:10.51590/wai.v1i1.6
Culturally responsive training: exploring grief, loss, and spirituality
Sangster, S. A., Thomas-Bernard, W., Brush, P. H., Hodges, D., & Brown, C. (2025) · Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work Social Thought · doi:10.1080/15426432.2025.2520532
“Cultural competence among care providers involves a commitment to understanding and respecting cultural differences, as well as having the knowledge and skills required to effectively engage with individuals of diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds (Sue et al., 2009).”
“We Who Believe in Freedom”: The Duty of Forensic Psychology to Reparations Movements
Grills, C. T., & Douglas, R. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-90279-6_9
Tyson, D. M., Sanabria, G., Chavez, M., Trejos, R. F., Ruiz, E. L., Barden, S. M., & Doss, B. D. (2025) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/ibaf040
Psychosocial Interventions for Mental Illness in South Asia
Tekkalaki, B. V., & Yadav, E. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-8078-8_10 · Cited by 1
Exploring Meaning‐Making Amid Persecution: A Case Study of a Refugee Client From Türkiye
Karayiğit, C. (2025) · The Journal of Humanistic Counseling · doi:10.1002/johc.70010
Envisioning the Future of Culturally Responsive Counseling: A Bibliometric Perspective
Fadilah, E. N., Nursalim, M., Purwoko, B., Winingsih, E., Habsy, B. A., & Oktaviana, D. (2025) · Konselor · doi:10.24036/02025142125-0-86
“S. Sue et al., (2009) introduced the concept of multicultural competence, which includes self-awareness, knowledge of other cultures, and skills to interact effectively with clients from diverse cultural backgrounds.”
Maintaining Balance: Examining Mental Wellness in Black Women During the Menopausal Transition
Kemp, E., McDougall, G. J., Liu, X., Sorapuru, C., & Jones, K. (2025) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-025-02647-8
Lee, M., Howell, K. D., Uribe, A. C., & Galano, M. M. (2025) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/21676968251385610
“For instance, as recommended by psychotherapy literature (Davis et al., 2018; Mosher et al., 2017; Sue et al., 2009), the fi ndings underline the importance of cultural humility both in research and practice, to reduce mental health disparities and provide quality services to racial/ ethnic minority…”
A Scoping Review of Client-Reported Therapist Cultural Competence Measures
Chu, W., & Cheung, W. (2025) · Clinical Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10615-025-01017-5
Implications for Practice: Recommendations for Mental Health Professionals and Educators
Pacheco, E.-M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-05066-3_7
Cultural competency in psychodermatology: Addressing the needs of diverse patient populations
Ma, S., Zieneldien, T., & Jafferany, M. (2025) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.70182
Cultural humility in school psychological supervision
Kelly, K. L., & Blair, S. A. (2025) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/01430343251392615
Dealing with Emotion Problems: Where Clinical Psychology and Cross-Cultural Psychology Meet
Vu, T. T., Vu, D. T., & Nguyen, T. M. L. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-08927-4_5
The Role of Psychology in Musculoskeletal Regeneration
Simmons, S. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-77456-0_21
Ponnampalam, D. E. J. (2025) · Open Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.4236/jss.2025.1311042
Waddington, A. F., Fields, A. M., Schneider, K. M., Fratzke, V., & Hill, R. B. S. (2025) · Journal of Counselor Leadership and Advocacy · doi:10.1080/2326716x.2025.2595680
“Additionally, scholars have suggested that cultural competency is not a static skill but rather a developmental process that evolves with continued exposure and practice (Sue et al., 2009).”
Miah, J., Bee, P., Lunat, F., McPhillips, R., Taylor, A. K., Aseem, S., Sharma, D., Husain, N., & Chew-Graham, C. A. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-096828 · Cited by 1
“37 38 This study makes an important contribution to the literature on culturally adapted CBT interventions for perinatal populations.”
White Racial Framing and Its Impact on African American Male Mental Health
Williams, V. V., & Wilson, D. (2016) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-68123-551-620251016
Gort, E. M. (2013) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)
Problem Solving in Latino Families
Torres, E. (2021) · Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) · doi:10.26076/0e17-6ab1
Kor, P. P. K., Yu, C. T. K., Triastuti, I. A., Sigilipoe, M. A., Kristiyanto, H. D., Pratiwi, J. P. D., Perdamaian, T. K., Li, L. M., Pang, P. C. P., & Widagdo, T. M. M. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19766430
Mauluka, C., Stones, W. R., Chiumia, I. K., & Maliwichi, L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26592362
Mauluka, C., Stones, W. R., Chiumia, I. K., & Maliwichi, L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26592365
Culturally Competent Mental Health Care for Imprisoned Black Survivors of Sex Trafficking
Sawyer, N., & Hoskins, D. (2025) · Journal of Human Trafficking · doi:10.1080/23322705.2025.2609000
Occupational Trauma Risk Management in the Fire Service
Wheldon, K. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-02126-7_10
Content Knowledge and Application
Currie, N. L. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009440585.003
Davis, L. S., & Findlay, M. R. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009440585.010
Cultural Adaptation in Telepsychotherapy
Balci, S., & Aydin, A. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-08980-9_9
Culturally Adapted CFT Group Psychotherapy: A US Perspective
Griner, D., Erekson, D. M., Hansen, K. S. W., Beecher, M. E., & Caldwell, H. W. (2026) · Advances in mental health and addiction · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-12438-8_8
Prasai, A., Ang, J. Y. Z., & Wright, A. J. (2026) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.70071
Becerra, M., Silva, A. S. S., Botero, M. O., Vélez, I. C. B., & Sandoval, K. N.-A. (2026) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/00221678251411960
Alves-Costa, F., Rollinson-Salter, A., Lieser, K., & Zloteanu, M. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-026-09066-w
“Future research may wish to consider examining specific cultures within forensic populations instead of grouping all ethnic minorities together, as current findings are failing to capture nuances and cross-cultural differences (Sue et al., 2009 ).”
Predictors of cross-lingual competence in Australian mental health professionals
de Blakeley, M. G., Stuart, J., & Sheeran, N. (2026) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00049530.2026.2640243
“However, there are ongoing concerns about a lack of definitional clarity and agreement on what constitutes multicultural awareness, knowledge, skills, and multicultural competence in general, resulting in debates on how to reliably and validly measure competence (see Sue et al., 2009).”
Garro, M., Giovanni, E. D., & Ruggieri, S. A. (2026) · World Futures · doi:10.1080/02604027.2026.2656116
“Psychological support should be culturally responsive, recognizing the centrality of the spiritual dimension and experiences of multiple discrimination (Sue et al., 2009).”
Centering Youth Voice in Culturally Responsive School Mental Health
Pejic, V., Corralejo, S., Gonzalez, C., Kaye, A. J., & Dennery, S. (2026) · Children & Schools · doi:10.1093/cs/cdag009
Promoting Treatment Engagement in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Strunk, D. R., Brouder, L. M., & Provolo, N. (2026) · CBT: science into practice · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-05191-2_12
Clements, C., Mulholland, H., Hunt, A., Mills, C., Kvamme-Mitchell, K., Tahir, N., Kullu, C., Taylor, P. J., Gabbay, M., & Saini, P. (2026) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2026-118241
“41 42 The absence of racial and ethnic diversity may limit the trans-ferability of the findings to more diverse populations, and the results should be interpreted with caution.”
Báez, R. A. L., Navas, M. B., & García, M. E. A. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9717616/v1
Gligorovic, S., & Drwecki, B. B. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9683890/v1
Cultural translation: complementary framework for cross-cultural social work
Bershtling, O., & Assa-Inbar, M. (2026) · Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work · doi:10.1080/15313204.2026.2699929
Assexualidade em Múltiplas Dimensões
Altenhofen, G., Passos, J. A. F., & Dias, A. C. G. (2026) · Revista Brasileira de Terapia Comportamental e Cognitiva · doi:10.31505/rbtcc.v28i1.2255
Sanchez, A. L., Ringle, V. A. M., Baumann, A. A., Calloway, A. L., Goodwine, D. M. D., Flowers, S. N., Kang, C., Rudrabhatla, A., & Becker‐Haimes, E. M. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2026.2697210
“Researchers and practitioners across health services and psychology have long recognized the importance of culture and context and how it intersects with psycho-pathology and its treatment (Smith et al., 2011; Sue et al., 2009).”
Creativity in Therapy and in Counsellor Training
Goel, T., & James, N. (2026) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.70203
Hard Individualism Among Vocational Education Students
Eini, N., Strier, R., & Shoshana, A. (2026) · Child & Youth Services · doi:10.1080/0145935x.2026.2706592
Balancing Autonomy, Individual Rights, and Community Values in Islāmic Psychotherapy
Khan, S. R. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-26515-9_7
Multicultural counselling for youth and families
Otu, M. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33939-4.00004-5
Melekoğlu, M., Macit, Z. B., ATBAŞI, Z., KARTAL, M. S., Öğülmüş, K., Aybek, E. C., & Bektaş, B. (2026) · Assessment for Effective Intervention · doi:10.1177/15345084261472902
Lo, K. C., & Akhunzada, Z. U. (2026) · Social Work · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-3440-1_32-1
Förderung persönlicher Kompetenzen in der psychotherapeutischen Aus- und Weiterbildung
Rief, W., Schramm, E., & Strauss, B. M. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-21352-6.00002-x
Psychotherapy and Teletherapy in U.S. Latinx Populations: A Narrative Review
Uranga, S. I., Magallanes, S., Wahid, S., Isaac, S., Munshi, Z. R., Sanchez, M. R., Rodriguez, A. E. M., & Havlik, J. L. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.116068
“…exacerbates disparities, as clinicians may misinterpret culturally bound expressions of distress such as "nervios," which can culturally refer to particular presentations of a nervous breakdown but literally translate to “nerves,” or misunderstand somatization of mental health symptoms [5,13].”
McCarthy, R., Pink, J., Olivier, L., Gilbert, D. J., Mukherjee, R., & Cook, P. A. (2026) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/dar.70233
“There is evidence that psychometric testing should be culturally appropriate [67] and tool selection should remain within the control of local researchers.”
Extending the concept of gatekeeping to older families: Intergenerational care and conflict
Fieldstone, L., Pruett, M. K., & Kumaria, S. (2026) · Family Court Review · doi:10.1111/fcre.70106
Implementing Culturally Responsive Neuroregulation: A Practical Framework for Clinical Practice
Sherlin, L. H. (2026) · NeuroRegulation · doi:10.15540/nr.13.3.293
Çokkültürlü Psikolojik Danışma Yeterliklerinin Dönüşümü: Bir Bibliyometrik Analiz Çalışması
ATILGAN, G., & Can, Y. (2026) · Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.17240/aibuefd.2026..-1829254
Supporting Mental Health in EMS Clinicians: A NAEMSP Position Statement and Resource Document
Lulla, A., Crowe, R. P., Donnelly, E. A., Isaacs, S. M., Lincoln, E. W., Maloney, L. M., Miller, D., Morshedi, B. B., Svancarek, B., & Dorsett, M. (2026) · Prehospital Emergency Care · doi:10.1080/10903127.2026.2740139
Mental health provider perspectives: preparedness and professional needs in first responder care
Wilson, K. O., Beidel, D. C., & Atwell, L. (2026) · The Journal of Mental Health Training Education and Practice · doi:10.1108/jmhtep-04-2026-0047
Are Therapists Using Outcome Measures and Does It Matter? A Naturalistic Usage Study
Klundt, J. S. (2014) · ScholarsArchive (Brigham Young University)
Cultural Factors in Mental Health Referral Among Asian Americans
Deo, I. (2014) · Scholarship - Claremont (Claremont Colleges)
Cross-cultural barriers to mental health services in the United States.
(2011) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 73
Metadata
- Authors
- Sue, S., Zane, N., Nagayama Hall, G. C., & Berger, L. K.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403;
- Venue
- Annual Review of Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2009-01-01
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 525-548
- ISSN
- 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2085
- PMC
- PMC2793275
- OpenAlex
- W2158121413
- Cited by
- 662
- References
- 117
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 2.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (P50MH073511)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Counseling Practices and Supervision
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Cultural Competency in Health Care
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Keywords
- cultural competence, psychotherapy, ethnic minority mental health, mental health disparities
- MeSH terms
- Delivery of Health Care, Humans, Minority Groups, Prejudice, Psychotherapy, Quality Assurance, Health Care, Stereotyping, Cultural Competency, Healthcare Disparities
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
