The AAPM/RSNA Physics Tutorial for Residents: Internal Radiation Dosimetry: Principles and Applications(CME available in print version and on RSNA Link)
Abstract
Internal dose calculations in nuclear medicine normally use the techniques, equations, and resources provided by the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) Committee of the Society of Nuclear Medicine. The MIRD schema uses a unique set of symbols and quantities to calculate the absorbed dose of radiation in any target organ per radioactive decay in any source organ. The calculations involve the energy emitted per radioactive decay, the fraction of the emitted energy that is absorbed in various target organs, the masses of these organs, and both the physical decay and biologic clearance of the injected radioactive material. Standardized mathematical models (phantoms) of the human body and standardized biokinetic models are also used. A computer program, MIRDose, calculates dose tables per unit administered activity of various radiopharmaceuticals. Special care must be taken when nuclear medicine procedures involve pregnant or lactating patients. New methodologies are becoming available to calculate doses to individual patients.
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Total-body radiation dose after RAI varies with age, and the same absolute activities of RAI will result in more radiation exposure to a young child than to an adolescent or adult.
“Total-body radiation dose after RAI varies with age, and the same absolute activities of RAI will result in more radiation exposure to a young child than to an adolescent or adult (361).”
From 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis (2016) · cites this paper as [361]
Using phantom modeling, it has been estimated that at 0, 1, 5, 10, and 15 years of age, and adulthood, respective total-body radiation activities are 11.1, 4.6, 2.4, 1.45, 0.90, and 0.85 rem per millicurie of RAI administered.
“Using phantom modeling, it has been estimated that at 0, 1, 5, 10, and 15 years of age, and adulthood, respective total-body radiation activities are 11.1, 4.6, 2.4, 1.45, 0.90, and 0.85 rem (1 rem = 0.1 Sv) per millicurie of RAI administered (361).”
From 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis (2016) · cites this paper as [361]
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“1 Sv) per millicurie of RAI administered (361).”
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- Authors
- Toohey, R. E., Stabin, M. G., & Watson, E. E.
- Affiliations
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (US)
- ORCID
- Stabin, Michael G.
- Venue
- RadioGraphics
- Published
- 2000-03
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 533-546
- ISSN
- 0271-5333 (ISSN-L)
- 1527-1323
- OpenAlex
- W2142440494
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Radiographics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Radiation Dose and Imaging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- internal dose calculation, MIRD schema, medical internal radiation dose, absorbed dose, biokinetic models, phantoms, radiopharmaceuticals, pregnancy and lactation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Algorithms, Child, Child, Preschool, Computer Simulation, Female, Fetus, Half-Life, Humans, Infant, Lactation, Metabolic Clearance Rate, Models, Biological, Monte Carlo Method, Pregnancy, Radiation Dosage, Radiometry, Relative Biological Effectiveness, Whole-Body Counting, Phantoms, Imaging, Radiopharmaceuticals
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