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Human brain: Proton diffusion MR spectroscopy
Abstract
Diffusion of brain metabolites was measured in 10 healthy volunteers by using localized proton diffusion magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy. Measurements were conducted with a clinical MR imager by using a stimulated-echo pulse sequence (3,000/60 [repetition time msec/echo time msec], 200-msec mixing time) with additional outside-volume suppression. Motion artifacts due to macroscopic brain movements were compensated by means of peripheral cardiac gating and separate collection of individual spectroscopic acquisitions into a two-dimensional data matrix. Phase errors due to macroscopic motion were subsequently corrected in individual data traces prior to spectral averaging. Mean (+/- 1 standard deviation) apparent diffusion coefficients of choline-containing compounds ([0.13 +/- 0.03] x 10(-3) mm2/sec), creatine and phosphocreatine ([0.15 +/- 0.03] x 10(-3) mm2/sec), and N-acetyl aspartate ([0.18 +/- 0.02] x 10(-3) mm2/sec) were substantially smaller than that of water and were consistent with recently published data obtained in anesthetized and paralyzed animals. Adequate diffusion sensitivity for metabolites in the human brain can be obtained with clinical whole-body imagers despite macroscopic head and brain movements.
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“Diffusion MRI has also been used to investigate the diffusion of nonwater molecules in the human brain, notably metabolites and neurotransmitters (Posse et al., 1993).”
From 40 Years of diffusion MRI in the brain: From history to emerging frontiers (2026) · cites this paper as Posse et al., 1993
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Metadata
- Authors
- Posse, S., Cuenod, C. A., & Le Bihan, D.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- ORCID
- Posse, S
- Venue
- Radiology
- Published
- 1993-09
- Volume
- 188
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 719-725
- ISSN
- 0033-8419 (ISSN-L)
- 1527-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2055971737
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Radiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › NMR spectroscopy and applications
- Keywords
- apparent diffusion coefficient, brain metabolites, choline-containing compounds, creatine, phosphocreatine, N-acetylaspartate, motion correction, cardiac gating, phase correction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aspartic Acid, Brain Chemistry, Choline, Creatine, Female, Humans, Male, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Phosphocreatine
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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