Carbonate Free Electrolyte for Lithium Ion Batteries Containing γ-Butyrolactone and Methyl Butyrate
Open accessAbstract
A novel carbonate free electrolyte, 1 M lithium difluoro(oxalato) borate (LiDFOB) in 1:1 gamma -butyrolactone (GBL)/methyl butyrate (MB), has been compared to a standard electrolyte, 1 M LiPF 6 in 1:1:1 EC/DMC/DEC, and a 1 M LiDFOB in 1:1:1 EC/DMC/DEC electrolyte. The conductivity of 1 M LiDFOB in GBL/MB is higher at low temperature, but slightly lower at higher temperature compared to the standard electrolyte. The 1 M LiDFOB in GBL/MB electrolyte has comparable cycling performance to the standard electrolyte, and better cycling performance than the 1 M LiDFOB in EC/DMC/DEC electrolyte. The reversible cycling performance suggests that the LiDFOB in GBL/MB electrolyte forms a stable anode solid electrolyte interface (SEI) in the presence of GBL. Ex-situ surface analysis of the extracted electrodes has been conducted via a combination of XPS, FTIR-ATR and SEM which suggests that the stable anode SEI results is primarily composed of reduction products of LiDFOB.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Lucht et al. designed 1 M LiDFOB GBL:MB (1:1) with higher ionic conductivity at -10 °C but relatively lower discharge capacity than the LiPF6-based electrolyte, attributed to larger SEI resistance resulting from LiDFOB decomposition.
“Lucht et al. [101] designed a novel electrolyte, 1 M LiDFOB GBL:MB (1:1) [LiDFOB: lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate], with higher ionic conductivity at -10 °C but delivering relatively lower discharge capacity than the LiPF 6 -based electrolyte (Fig. 12c), which can be attributed to the larger SEI resistance resulted from LiDFOB decomposition (Fig. 12d).”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [101]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Li-ion rechargeable battery: a perspective.
Goodenough, J., & Park, K. (2013) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja3091438 · Cited by 8,764 · see citing works
Challenges in the development of advanced Li-ion batteries: a review
Etacheri, V., Marom, R., Elazari, R., Salitra, G., & Aurbach, D. (2011) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c1ee01598b · Cited by 6,708 · see citing works
Nonaqueous liquid electrolytes for lithium-based rechargeable batteries.
Xu, K. (2004) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr030203g · Cited by 6,642 · see citing works
A review of the features and analyses of the solid electrolyte interphase in Li-ion batteries
Verma, P., Maire, P., & Novák, P. (2010) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2010.05.072 · Cited by 2,661 · see citing works
Viscosity of liquid water in the range −8 °C to 150 °C
Kestin, J., Sokolov, M., & Wakeham, W. A. (1978) · Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data · doi:10.1063/1.555581 · Cited by 976 · see citing works
Thermal Decomposition of LiPF[sub 6]-Based Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Campion, C. L., Li, W., & Lucht, B. L. (2005) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.2083267 · Cited by 832 · see citing works
Self-citationThe low temperature performance of Li-ion batteries
Zhang, S. S., Xu, K., & Jow, T. R. (2003) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(02)00618-3 · Cited by 712 · see citing works
Fluorinated electrolytes for 5 V lithium-ion battery chemistry
Zhang, Z.-C., Hu, L.-B., Wu, H.-M., Weng, W., Koh, M., Redfern, P., Curtiss, L., & Amine, K. (2013) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c3ee24414h · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Lithium Ion Battery Graphite Solid Electrolyte Interphase Revealed by Microscopy and Spectroscopy
Nie, M.-Y., Chalasani, D., Abraham, D., Chen, Y.-J., Bose, A., & Lucht, B. (2013) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp3118055 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Self-citationCharacterization of PVDF membranes by vibrational spectroscopy
Boccaccio, T., Bottino, A., Capannelli, G., & Piaggio, P. (2002) · doi:10.1016/s0376-7388(02)00407-6 · Cited by 432
The role of Li-ion battery electrolyte reactivity in performance decline and self-discharge
Sloop, S., Kerr, J., & Kinoshita, K. (2003) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(03)00149-6 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Lithium-ion conducting electrolyte salts for lithium batteries.
Aravindan, V., Gnanaraj, J., Madhavi, S., & Liu, H.-K. (2011) · Chemistry · doi:10.1002/chem.201101486 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
LiBOB as Salt for Lithium-Ion Batteries:A Possible Solution for High Temperature Operation
Xu, K., Zhang, S.-S., Jow, T., Xu, W., & Angell, C. (2002) · Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters · doi:10.1149/1.1426042 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
An unique lithium salt for the improved electrolyte of Li-ion battery
Shui Zhang, S. (2006) · Electrochemistry Communications · doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2006.06.016 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Xu, K., Lam, Y., Zhang, S.-B., Jow, T., & Curtis, T. B. (2007) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp068691u · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Lu, P., Li, C., Schneider, E. W., & Harris, S. (2014) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp4111019 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Concentrated electrolytes: decrypting electrolyte properties and reassessing Al corrosion mechanisms
McOwen, D. W., Seo, D. M., Borodin, O., Vatamanu, J., Boyle, P., & Henderson, W. (2014) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c3ee42351d · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Nie, M.-Y., & Lucht, B. (2014) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.054406jes · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Self-citationXu, M.-Q., Zhou, L., Hao, L.-S., Xing, L.-D., Li, W.-S., & Lucht, B. (2011) · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.10.050 · Cited by 225
Self-citationLithium-Ion Electrolytes Containing Ester Cosolvents for Improved Low Temperature Performance
Smart, M. C., Ratnakumar, B. V., Chin, K. B., & Whitcanack, L. D. (2010) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.3501236 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Yamada, Y., Usui, K., Chiang, C.-H., Kikuchi, K., Furukawa, K., & Yamada, A. (2014) · ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces · doi:10.1021/am5001163 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Zhang, S. S. (2007) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.09.040 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Additives for Stabilizing LiPF6-Based Electrolytes Against Thermal Decomposition
Li, W.-T., Campion, C. L., Lucht, B., Ravdel, B., Dicarlo, J., & Abraham, K. (2005) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.1926651 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationFu, M.-B., Huang, K.-L., Liu, S.-Q., Jia, L., & Li, Y. (2010) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.08.042 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Shkrob, I., Zhu, Y., Marin, T. W., & Abraham, D. (2013) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp407714p · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Tailoring Electrolyte Composition for LiBOB
Xu, K. (2008) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.2961055 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Electrolytes and Interphasial Chemistry in Li Ion Devices
Xu, K. (2010) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en3010135 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Li, S.-Y., Zhao, W., Cui, X.-L., Zhao, Y.-Y., Li, B.-C., Zhang, H.-M., Li, Y.-L., Li, G.-J., Ye, X.-S., & Luo, Y.-C. (2013) · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2013.01.011 · Cited by 56
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of boron compounds
Il’inchik, E. A., Volkov, V. V., & Mazalov, L. (2005) · Journal of Structural Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s10947-006-0133-y · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Xu, M.-Q., Xiao, A., Li, W.-S., & Lucht, B. (2010) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.3258290 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationStructures of orthoborate anions and physical properties of their lithium salt nonaqueous solutions
Xu, W., Shusterman, A., Videa, M., Velikov, V., Marzke, R., & Angell, C. (2003) · doi:10.1149/1.1527939 · Cited by 46
Zhou, H.-M., Fang, Z., & Li, J. (2013) · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.11.060 · Cited by 33
GBL-based electrolyte for Li-ion battery: thermal and electrochemical performance
Belov, D., & Shieh, D. (2012) · Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10008-011-1391-y · Cited by 33
Zugmann, S., Fleischmann, M., Amereller, M., Gschwind, R., Winter, M., & Gores, H. (2011) · doi:10.1021/je2007814 · Cited by 29
Performance of lithium tetrafluorooxalatophosphate (LiFOP) electrolyte with propylene carbonate (PC)
Zhou, L., & Lucht, B. L. (2012) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.01.067 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 37 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
In situ analytical techniques for battery interface analysis.
Tripathi, A., Su, W.-N., & Hwang, B. (2018) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c7cs00180k · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Arora, S. (2018) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.08.020 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Cui, C., Yang, C.-Y., Eidson, N., Chen, J., Han, F., Chen, L., Luo, C., Wang, P.-F., Fan, X.-L., & Wang, C.-S. (2020) · Advances in Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201906427 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Liquid electrolyte development for low-temperature lithium-ion batteries
Hubble, D., Brown, D. E., Zhao, Y., Chen, F., Lau, J., McCloskey, B. D., & Liu, G. (2022) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d1ee01789f · Cited by 465 · see citing works
Eshetu, G. G., Diemant, T., Grugeon, S., Behm, R., Laruelle, S., Armand, M., & Passerini, S. (2016) · ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.6b04406 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
All-temperature area battery application mechanism, performance, and strategies
Chen, S.-Q., Wei, X.-Z., Zhang, G.-X., Wang, X.-Y., Zhu, J.-G., Feng, X.-N., Dai, H.-F., & Ouyang, M. (2023) · Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · doi:10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100465 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Corrosion of aluminium current collector in lithium-ion batteries: A review
Gabryelczyk, A., Ivanov, S., Bund, A., & Lota, G. (2021) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2021.103226 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Lebedeva, N., & Boon-Brett, L. (2016) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.0171606jes · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries
Tan, S., Shadike, Z., Cai, X., Lin, R., Kludze, A., Borodin, O., Lucht, B. L., Wang, C., Hu, E., Xu, K., et al. (2023) · Electrochemical Energy Reviews · doi:10.1007/s41918-023-00199-1 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
“Lucht et al. [101] designed a novel electrolyte, 1 M LiDFOB GBL:MB (1:1) [LiDFOB: lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate], with higher ionic conductivity at −10 °C but delivering relatively lower discharge capacity than the LiPF 6 -based electrolyte (Fig.”
Self-citationSu, X., Xu, Y., Wu, Y.-C., Li, H.-J., Yang, J., Liao, Y., Qu, R., & Zhang, Z.-C. (2023) · Energy Storage Materials · doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2023.01.044 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Transition metal oxalates as energy storage materials. A review
Yeoh, J., Armer, C. F., & Lowe, A. (2018) · Materials Today Energy · doi:10.1016/j.mtener.2018.05.010 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Zhou, J.-J., Yang, J., Xu, Z., Zhang, T., Chen, Z.-Y., & Wang, J.-L. (2017) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c7ta01564j · Cited by 75 · see citing works
An Attempt to Formulate Non‐Carbonate Electrolytes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Mogensen, R., Colbin, L. O. S., & Younesi, R. (2020) · Batteries & Supercaps · doi:10.1002/batt.202000252 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Luo, H., Zhang, B.-D., Zhang, H., Zheng, Q.-Z., Wu, X., Yan, Y.-W., Li, Z.-G., Tang, Y.-L., Hao, W., Liu, G., et al. (2023) · Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00674 · Cited by 43
Efficient Li–CO2 Batteries with Molybdenum Disulfide Nanosheets on Carbon Nanotubes as a Catalyst
Pipes, R., He, J., Bhargav, A., & Manthiram, A. (2019) · ACS Applied Energy Materials · doi:10.1021/acsaem.9b01653 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Adiponitrile-based electrolytes for high voltage, graphite-based Li-ion battery
Ehteshami, N., Eguía-Barrio, A., de Meatza, I., Porcher, W., & Paillard, E. (2018) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.07.004 · Cited by 41
Mo, Y., & Dong, X.-L. (2024) · Next Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100115 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Recent advances toward high voltage, EC-free electrolytes for graphite-based Li-ion battery
Zhang, T., & Paillard, E. (2018) · Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering · doi:10.1007/s11705-018-1758-z · Cited by 34
Solvation chemistry in liquid electrolytes for rechargeable lithium batteries at low temperatures
Li, H.-Z., Yan, C.-C., & Wang, S.-H. (2025) · EcoEnergy · doi:10.1002/ece2.94 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Quan, L., Su, Q.-L., Wu, H., Huang, W.-Y., Liu, M., Lu, Y., Li, Z., Liu, H.-J., Xing, L.-D., & Li, W. (2023) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4204626 · Cited by 24
Advanced Strategies for Improving Lithium Storage Performance under Cryogenic Conditions
Zheng, Y.-W., Qian, T., Zhou, J.-Q., Liu, J., Wang, Z.-K., Wang, S., Wang, Y., & Yan, C.-L. (2023) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.202203719 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Liu, C., Yang, Y., Yao, M., & Fang, H. (2018) · Energy Storage Materials · doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2018.09.023 · Cited by 24
An electrolyte to improve the deep charge–discharge performance of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode
Zhou, H.-M., Yang, Z.-H., Xiao, D., Xiao, K.-W., & Li, J. (2018) · Journal of materials science. Materials in electronics · doi:10.1007/s10854-018-8650-y · Cited by 23
“05 cm−1, which peaks emerging at 1507, 1429, 869 cm−1 are related to the characteristic absorption of PVDF [27].”
BackgroundInfluentialGu, Y., Fang, S.-H., Yang, L., & Hirano, S. (2021) · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139120 · Cited by 21
Fang, C., Liu, Z.-M., Lau, J., Elzouka, M., Zhang, G.-Z., Khomein, P., Lubner, S. D., Ross, P., & Liu, G. (2020) · Journal of the Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ab6447 · Cited by 20
Chemical foundation model-guided design of high ionic conductivity electrolyte formulations
Zohair, M., Sharma, V., Soares, E. A., Nguyen, K., Giammona, M. J., Sundberg, L. K., Tek, A., Brazil, E. V., & La, Y. (2025) · npj Computational Materials · doi:10.1038/s41524-025-01774-4 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“The synergy between GBL and LiDFOBparticularlyhasledtorenewedinterestinitsuseastheprimarysalt, andrecentstudiesofthissystemdemonstratepromisinglow-temperature batterycyclingperformanceduetohighconductivityacrossawiderangeof temperatures 19,70,71 .”
Jie, S., Kang, J., Baek, S., & Lee, B. (2023) · Ultrasonics sonochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106620 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“S13) [53,54].”
Khan, M. S., Shahali, H., & Amiri, A. (2025) · Energy Storage Materials · doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104363 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Advances and future prospects of low-temperature electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries
Shanbedi, M., Shahali, H., Polycarpou, A. A., & Amiri, A. (2025) · EES Batteries · doi:10.1039/d5eb00013k · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“91 Lazar et al. 92 demonstrated that an all-ester electrolyte of GBL and MB (1 : 1 vol) containing 1 M LiDFOB had ionic conductivity and cycling performance equivalent to those of standard electrolytes (1 M LiPF 6 in 1 : 1 : 1 EC/DMC/ DEC).”
Teoh, K., Melchiorre, M., Magar, S. D., Leibing, C., Ruffo, F., Gómez-Urbano, J. L., & Balducci, A. (2024) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202407850 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Krakowiak, J., & Śmiechowski, M. (2017) · doi:10.1016/j.jct.2017.02.009 · Cited by 14
Reversible Hydrogen Fixation and Release under Mild Conditions by Poly(vinylquinoxaline)
Oka, K., Kaiwa, Y., Furukawa, S., Nishide, H., & Oyaizu, K. (2020) · ACS Applied Polymer Materials · doi:10.1021/acsapm.0c00338 · Cited by 11
Björklund, E., Göttlinger, M., Edström, K., Brandell, D., & Younesi, R. (2019) · ChemElectroChem · doi:10.1002/celc.201900672 · Cited by 9
Vibration-driven SEI thinning and inorganic domination: Enhanced lithium-ion battery performance
Ryu, J.-H., Jung, T., Jung, J., Jie, S., Lee, B., Suh, J., & Lee, B. (2025) · Applied Surface Science Advances · doi:10.1016/j.apsadv.2025.100800 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Takahashi, M., Hesaka, H., Tsutsumi, H., & Katayama, Y. (2023) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d3ra02381h · Cited by 7
Liang, B., Cheng, F., Ge, X., Tan, X., Fang, C., & Han, J.-T. (2022) · ACS Applied Energy Materials · doi:10.1021/acsaem.2c00205 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Zhu, D.-D., & Wang, H.-Y. (2021) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01693 · Cited by 7
Śmiechowski, M., Krakowiak, J., Bruździak, P., & Stangret, J. (2017) · Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP · doi:10.1039/c6cp08799j · Cited by 7
Kaiwa, Y., Oka, K., Nishide, H., & Oyaizu, K. (2020) · Polymers for Advanced Technologies · doi:10.1002/pat.5163 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Śmiechowski, M. (2017) · Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.09.018 · Cited by 3
Takahashi, M., Mori, K., Katayama, Y., & Tsutsumi, H. (2024) · ChemElectroChem · doi:10.1002/celc.202300663
- Authors
- Lazar, M. L., & Lucht, B. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Rhode Island (US)
- ORCID
- Lucht, Brett L.
- Venue
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society
- Publisher
- The Electrochemical Society
- Published
- 2015
- Volume
- 162
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- A928-A934
- ISSN
- 0013-4651 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7111
- OpenAlex
- W2131379495
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 2.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Journal of Media Literacy Education (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy (DEEE0005433)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advancements in Battery Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Advanced Battery Technologies Research
- Keywords
- lithium-ion batteries, LiDFOB, gamma-butyrolactone, methyl butyrate, LiPF6, solid electrolyte interphase, ionic conductivity, cycling performance, low-temperature performance
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
