Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 932

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

High mobility group box 1 protein interacts with multiple Toll-like receptors

Park, Jong Sung, Gamboni-Robertson, Fabia, He, Qianbin, Svetkauskaite, Daiva, Kim, Jae-Yeol, Strassheim, Derek, Sohn, Jang-Won, Yamada, Shingo, Maruyama, Ikuro, Banerjee, Anirban, Ishizaka, Akitoshi, Abraham, Edward·2006·American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

Abstract

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), originally described as a DNA-binding protein, can also be released extracellularly and functions as a late mediator of inflammatory responses. Although recent reports have indicated that the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) as well as Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 are involved in cellular activation by HMGB1, there has been little evidence of direct association between HMGB1 and these receptors. To examine this issue, we used fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and immunoprecipitation to directly investigate cell surface interactions of HMGB1 with TLR2, TLR4, and RAGE. FRET images in RAW264.7 macrophages demonstrated association of HMGB1 with TLR2 and TLR4 but not RAGE. Transient transfections into human embryonic kidney-293 cells showed that HMGB1 induced cellular activation and NF-κB-dependent transcription through TLR2 or TLR4 but not RAGE. Coimmunoprecipitation also found interaction between HMGB1 and TLR2 as well as TLR4, but not with RAGE. These studies provide the first direct evidence that HMGB1 can interact with both TLR2 and TLR4 and also supply an explanation for the ability of HMGB1 to induce cellular activation and generate inflammatory responses that are similar to those initiated by LPS.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1152/ajpcell.00401.2005

Cites

43 of 43 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 43 references

Cited by

See all 932

Metadata

Authors
Park, J. S., Gamboni-Robertson, F., He, Q., Svetkauskaite, D., Kim, J.-Y., Strassheim, D., Sohn, J.-W., Yamada, S., Maruyama, I., Banerjee, A., Ishizaka, A., & Abraham, E.
Venue
American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology
Published
2006-03
Volume
290
Issue
3
Pages
C917-C924
ISSN
  • 0363-6143 (ISSN-L)
  • 1522-1563
OpenAlex
W2125175295
Cited by
932
References
43
FWCI
25.61
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: High mobility group box 1 protein interacts with multiple Toll-like receptors. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1152/ajpcell.00401.2005
The paper
Park, J. S., Gamboni-Robertson, F., He, Q., Svetkauskaite, D., Kim, J.-Y., Strassheim, D., Sohn, J.-W., Yamada, S., Maruyama, I., Banerjee, A., Ishizaka, A., & Abraham, E. (2006). High mobility group box 1 protein interacts with multiple Toll-like receptors. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00401.2005

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.