Ephaptic transmission in squid giant axons
Abstract
Some characteristics of ephaptic transmission of action potentials were investigated with squid giant axons. For these studies two isolated axons were placed side by side or, on occasion, a single long axon was looped to form an "ephapse" between the axon trunk and one of its main branches. Extracellular potentials measured adjacent to axons surrounded by a very restricted volume of liquid ranged up to 80 mV in magnitude and had a shape similar to that of the membrane current. Intracellular records of the same axon regions show small voltage deflections; however, the transmembrane voltage (Vm = Vi - Vo) has the appearance of normally propagated action potentials. Ephaptic transmission of action potentials is possible when the ephaptic region is submerged in oil, as well as when the region is immersed in low-calcium solutions. When the speed of the propagated action potential is lowered by replacing the normal artifical seawater (ASW) with low-sodium ASW, some ephaptic effects are enhanced. It is concluded that in regions in which axons are confined by restricted extracellular volume, the large extracellular voltage changes arising during the passage of an action potential in one can cause ephaptic excitation in another.
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EM field communication between neurons is an ancient mode of neuronal communication, found in vertebrates, insects, arthropods, and molluscs.
“The first point is that it is clearly a very ancient mode of neuronal communication as it is found not only in vertebrates but also in insects [75], arthropods [76] and molluscs [77].”
From The electromagnetic will (2021) · cites this paper as [77]
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- Authors
- Ramon, F., & Moore, J. W.
- ORCID
- Moore, J. W.
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1978-05-01
- Volume
- 234
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- C162-C169
- ISSN
- 0363-6143 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1563
- OpenAlex
- W183315847
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion channel regulation and function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- ephaptic transmission, squid giant axon, action potential propagation, extracellular potentials, membrane currents, axon branching
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Axons, Calcium, Electric Conductivity, Extracellular Space, Synaptic Transmission, Seawater, Sodium, Decapodiformes, In Vitro Techniques
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Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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