Dietary glycemic index influences lipid oxidation but not muscle or liver glycogen oxidation during exercise
Open accessAbstract
The glycemic index (GI) of dietary carbohydrates influences glycogen storage in skeletal muscle and circulating nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations. We hypothesized that diets differing only in GI would alter intramuscular lipid oxidation and glycogen usage in skeletal muscle and liver during subsequent exercise. Endurance-trained individuals (n = 9) cycled for 90 min at 70% Vo(2peak) and then consumed either high- or low-GI meals over the following 12 h. The following day after an overnight fast, the 90-min cycle was repeated. (1)H and (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used before and after exercise to assess intramuscular lipid and glycogen content of the vastus muscle group and liver. Blood and expired air samples were collected at 15-min intervals throughout exercise. NEFA availability was reduced during exercise in the high- compared with the low-GI trial (area under curve 44.5 +/- 6.0 vs. 38.4 +/- 7.30 mM/h, P < 0.05). Exercise elicited an approximately 55% greater reduction in intramyocellular triglyceride (IMCL) in the high- vs. low-GI trial (1.6 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.0 +/- 0.3 mmol/kg wet wt, P < 0.05). There was no difference in the exercise-induced reduction of the glycogen pool in skeletal muscle (76 +/- 8 vs. 68 +/- 5 mM) or in liver (65 +/- 8 vs. 71 +/- 4 mM) between the low- and high-GI trials, respectively. High-GI recovery diets reduce NEFA availability and increase reliance on IMCL during moderate-intensity exercise. Skeletal muscle and liver glyc…
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Glycogen stores can be rapidly depleted by approximately 40-60% within 90 min of moderate to high-intensity exercise.
“However, these glycogen stores can be rapidly depleted (by ∼40–60%) within 90 min of moderate to high‐intensity exercise (Casey et al. 2000; Stevenson et al. 2009; Gonzalez et al. 2015).”
From Fructose co‐ingestion to increase carbohydrate availability in athletes (2019) · cites this paper as Stevenson et al. 2009
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International tables of glycemic index and glycemic load values 2021: a systematic review
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Self-citationLiver glycogen metabolism during and after prolonged endurance-type exercise
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Self-citationGlucose Plus Fructose Ingestion for Post-Exercise Recovery—Greater than the Sum of Its Parts?
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Fructose co‐ingestion to increase carbohydrate availability in athletes
Fuchs, C. J., Gonzalez, J. T., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2019) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp277116 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“%) within 90 min of moderate to high-intensity exercise (Casey et al. 2000; Stevenson et al. 2009; Gonzalez et al. 2015).”
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Dudley-Rode, H., Zinn, C., Plews, D. J., Charoensap, T., & Maunder, E. (2025) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-024-05687-w · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Stevenson, E. J., Thelwall, P. E., Thomas, K., Smith, F., Brand-Miller, J., & Trenell, M. I.
- Affiliations
- Northumbria University (GB)
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2009-05
- Volume
- 296
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- E1140-E1147
- ISSN
- 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1555
- OpenAlex
- W1979437239
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University) (submittedVersion)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- dietary glycemic index, lipid oxidation, intramyocellular triglyceride, free fatty acids, skeletal muscle glycogen, liver glycogen, endurance exercise, carbohydrate intake, muscle energy metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Glycogen, Humans, Insulin, Liver, Liver Glycogen, Male, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen, Oxygen Consumption, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Cross-Over Studies, Lactic Acid, Glycemic Index, Lipid Metabolism
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