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Cited by 6Sports Performance and TrainingMuscle metabolism and nutritionCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercise blunts the reduction in power output at the moderate-to-heavy intensity transition

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Dudley-Rode, Harrison, Zinn, Caryn, Plews, Daniel J., Charoensap, Thanchanok, Maunder, Ed·2025·European Journal of Applied Physiology
DOI 10.1007/s00421-024-05687-w
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Abstract

Purpose To determine the effect of carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercise on durability of the moderate-to-heavy-intensity transition and severe-intensity performance.Methods Twelve trained cyclists and triathletes (10 males, 2 females; V˙O2 peak, 59 ± 5 mL kg-1 min-1; training volume, 14 ± 5 h week-1) performed an incremental test and 5-min time trial (TT) without prior exercise (PRE), and after 150 min of moderate-intensity cycling, with (POST CHO) and without (POST CON) carbohydrate ingestion.Results Power output at the first ventilatory threshold (VT 1) was lower in POST CHO (225 ± 36 W, ∆ -3 ± 2%, P = 0.027, n = 11) and POST CON (216 ± 35 W, ∆ -6 ± 4%, P = 0.001, n = 12) than PRE (229 ± 37 W, n = 12), and lower in POST CON than POST CHO (∆ -7 ± 9 W, ∆ -3 ± 4%, P = 0.019). Mean power output in the 5-min TT was lower in POST CHO (351 ± 53 W, ∆ -4 ± 3%, P = 0.025) and POST CON (328 ± 63 W, ∆ -10 ± 10%, P = 0.027) than PRE (363 ± 55 W), but POST CHO and POST CON were not significantly different (∆ 25 ± 37 W, ∆ 9 ± 13%, P = 0.186). Blood glucose concentration was maintained in POST CHO, and was significantly lower at the 120 and 150-min timepoint in POST CON (P < 0.05).Conclusion These data suggest that durability of the moderate-to-heavy-intensity transition is improved with carbohydrate ingestion. This has implications for training programming and load monitoring.

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  • Carbohydrate ingestion increases plasma glucose concentrations.

    “Carbohydrate ingestion increases plasma glucose concentrations (13, 63, 64)”

    From Carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercise and net skeletal muscle glycogen utilization: A meta-analysis. (2026) · cites this paper as [13]

    The Prolonged phase results (page unavailable) report higher blood glucose with carbohydrate ingestion than without it at 120 and 150 minutes of exercise. The Discussion says carbohydrate maintained blood glucose while it declined in the control trial. The paper measured fingertip capillary blood glucose, not plasma glucose, and does not report an increase above baseline. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The decline in blood glucose concentrations that can occur during prolonged exercise may also contribute to fatigue.

    “Similarly, the decline in blood glucose concentrations that can occur during prolonged exercise may also contribute to fatigue (12 -15).”

    From Carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercise and net skeletal muscle glycogen utilization: A meta-analysis. (2026) · cites this paper as [13]

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Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. [11]11. Clark IE, Vanhatalo A, Thompson C, Joseph C, Black MI, Blackwell JR, Wylie LJ, Tan R, Bailey SJ, Wilkins BW, Kirby BS, Andrew Jones XM (2019a) Dynamics of the power-duration relationship during prolonged endurance exercise and influence of carbohy- drate ingestion. J Appl Physiol 127:726-736. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1152/ jappl physi ol. 00207. 2019.-We
  2. [12]12. Clark IE, Vanhatalo A, Thompson C, Wylie LJ, Bailey SJ, Kirby BS, Wilkins BW, Andrew Jones XM (2019b) Changes in the power- duration relationship following prolonged exercise: estimation using conventional and all-out protocols and relationship with muscle glycogen. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 317:59-67. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1152/ ajpre gu. 00031. 2019.-It
  3. [20]20. Gonzalez JT, Fuchs CJ, Smith FE, Thelwall PE, Taylor R, Stevenson EJ, Trenell MI, Cermak NM, van Loon C, L. J. (2015) Ingestion of glucose or sucrose prevents liver but not muscle glycogen deple- tion during prolonged endurance-type exercise in trained cyclists. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 309:1032-1039. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1152/ ajpen do. 00376. 2015.-The
  4. [34]34. Jones AM, Wilkerson DP, Dimenna F, Fulford J, Poole DC, Jones AM (2008) First published December 5. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 294:585-593. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1152/ ajpre gu. 00731. 2007.-We

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Authors
Dudley-Rode, H., Zinn, C., Plews, D. J., Charoensap, T., & Maunder, E.
Affiliations
Auckland University of Technology (NZ)
Corresponding author
Maunder, Ed
ORCID
Venue
European Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2024-12-22
Volume
125
Issue
5
Pages
1349-1359
ISSN
  • 0020-9376 (ISSN-L)
  • 1439-6319
  • 1439-6327
DOI
10.1007/s00421-024-05687-w
OpenAlex
W4405678340
Semantic Scholar
7b2956b56a13434a24a87c8fddfff70da39a5943
Cited by
6
References
57
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 3
FWCI
2.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • European Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Tuwhera (Auckland University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
carbohydrate intake, prolonged exercise, output power, ventilatory threshold, time trial, blood glucose, endurance cycling, cyclists, triathletes, training load monitoring
MeSH terms
Adult, Bicycling, Dietary Carbohydrates, Female, Humans, Male, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Endurance, Exercise, Athletic Performance

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