The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Systemic hemodynamic determinants of blood pressure in women: age, physical activity, and hormone replacement
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that the age-related changes in systemic hemodynamic determinants of arterial blood pressure in healthy women are related to physical activity and hormone replacement status. We studied 66 healthy, normotensive premenopausal (21-35 yr) and postmenopausal (50-72 yr) sedentary and endurance-trained women under supine resting conditions. Mean blood pressure was 7 mmHg higher in sedentary post- compared with premenopausal women, which was associated with an 11-mmHg higher systolic blood pressure, a 25% lower stroke volume and cardiac output, and a 50% higher systemic vascular resistance (all P < 0.05). Absolute (ml) levels of total blood volume did not differ across age, but resting oxygen consumption was approximately 35% lower in the postmenopausal women (P < 0.05). The elevations in mean and systolic blood pressures with age were similar in endurance-trained runners, but, in contrast to the sedentary women, the elevations were not associated with significant age-related differences in cardiac output, stroke volume, or oxygen consumption, and only a modest (15%) increase in systemic vascular resistance (P = 0.06). Postmenopausal swimmers demonstrated the same systemic hemodynamic profile as that of postmenopausal runners, indicating a nonspecific influence of the endurance-trained state. Blood pressure and its systemic hemodynamic determinants did not differ in postmenopausal users compared with those of nonusers of hormone replacement therapy. Resting oxygen consumption was the strongest physiological correlate of cardiac output in the overall population (r = 0.65, P < 0.001). We conclude that 1) the increases in arterial blood pressure at rest with age in healthy normotensive women are not obviously related to habitual physical activity status; 2) the systemic hemodynamic determinants of the age-related elevations in blood pressure are fundamentally different in sedentary vs. active women, possibly due, in part, to an absence of decline in resting oxygen consumption in the latter; and 3) systemic hemodynamics at rest are not different in healthy normotensive postmenopausal users vs. nonusers of estrogen-based hormone replacement.
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“Twelve studies discussed menopause [34,38,39,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50], although the extent to which it was discussed varied greatly.”
From Effects of Aging on Determinants of Endurance Performance in Women Masters Athletes: A Scoping Review (2026) · cites this paper as [45]
In the citing paper
“While stroke volume decreased with age in sedentary women [45], findings among women masters athletes were less consistent. Some studies reported no differences between younger and older athletes [45], except at high exercise intensities (i.e., 70% of VO2peak) [61].”
From Effects of Aging on Determinants of Endurance Performance in Women Masters Athletes: A Scoping Review (2026) · cites this paper as [45]
In the citing paper
“While stroke volume decreased with age in sedentary women [45], findings among women masters athletes were less consistent.”
From Effects of Aging on Determinants of Endurance Performance in Women Masters Athletes: A Scoping Review (2026) · cites this paper as [45]
In the citing paper
“Twenty-three studies determined aerobic capacity by measuring VO2max. Most of these studies (n = 20) included standardized criteria to confirm attainment of a true physiological maximum, such as a plateau in VO2 despite increasing work rate, respiratory exchange ratio (between 1.05 and 1.15, heart rate within 10% of age-predicted maximum, and a rating of perceived exertion near maximal effort [34,”
From Effects of Aging on Determinants of Endurance Performance in Women Masters Athletes: A Scoping Review (2026) · cites this paper as [45]
In the citing paper
“athletes demonstrate higher energy expenditure [45]”
From Effects of Aging on Determinants of Endurance Performance in Women Masters Athletes: A Scoping Review (2026) · cites this paper as [45]
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Cites
Impact of age on the cardiovascular response to dynamic upright exercise in healthy men and women
Fleg, J. L., O'Connor, F., Gerstenblith, G., Becker, L. C., Clulow, J., Schulman, S. P., & Lakatta, E. G. (1995) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1995.78.3.890 · Cited by 506
Cited by
Best, S. A., Okada, Y., Galbreath, M. M., Jarvis, S. S., Bivens, T. B., Adams‐Huet, B., & Fu, Q. (2014) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2013.077248 · Cited by 31
Vangsgaard, D., Noumi, M., Hayden, K. A., & Doyle-Baker, P. K. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14081080
Metadata
- Authors
- Hunt, B. E., Davy, K. P., Jones, P. P., DeSouza, C. A., Van Pelt, R. E., Tanaka, H., & Seals, D. R.
- Affiliations
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309,USA.
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1997-08-01
- Volume
- 273
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- H777-H785
- ISSN
- 0363-6135
- 1522-1539
- Cited by
- 3
- References
- 1
- Language
- en
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- Hunt, B. E., Davy, K. P., Jones, P. P., DeSouza, C. A., Van Pelt, R. E., Tanaka, H., & Seals, D. R. (1997). Systemic hemodynamic determinants of blood pressure in women: age, physical activity, and hormone replacement. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1997.273.2.h777
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
