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Cited by 31Blood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesCardiovascular and exercise physiologyHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control

Age and sex differences in muscle sympathetic nerve activity in relation to haemodynamics, blood volume and left ventricular size

Best, Stuart A., Okada, Yoshiyuki, Galbreath, M. Melyn, Jarvis, Sara S., Bivens, Tiffany B., Adams‐Huet, Beverley, Fu, Qi·2014·Experimental Physiology
DOI 10.1113/expphysiol.2013.077248
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Abstract

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? The study was designed to investigate the age‐ and sex‐related differences in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in relation to age‐ and sex‐related differences in haemodynamics, blood volume and left ventricular size and function. What is the main finding and its importance? Age‐related increases in MSNA were associated with decreases in blood volume in men only, and only in men was there a significant relation between MSNA and forearm vascular resistance. These results show that age and sex independently alter the neural control of blood pressure and may provide insights into the pathogenesis of hypertension. We compared the effect of age‐ and sex‐related differences in haemodynamics, blood volume (BV) and left ventricular (LV) size and mass on resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in healthy, normotensive adults. Twenty young men (19–47 years old) and 20 young women (21–46 years old) as well as 15 older men (62–80 years old) and 15 older women (60–82 years old) were studied. Cardiac output (acetylene rebreathing), total peripheral resistance, forearm vascular resistance (FVR; venous occlusion plethysmography) and MSNA were measured during supine rest. Blood volume was calculated (CO rebreathing), and LV mass, end‐diastolic (LVEDV) and end‐systolic volumes (LVESV) were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Cardiac index (P < 0.001 and P = 0.016), BV (both P < 0.001), LV mass (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002), LVEDV (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002) and LVESV (both P < 0.001) were lower in the older and female groups, respectively. Total peripheral resistance was significantly higher in the older (P < 0.001) and female groups (P = 0.014), but FVR was increased in the female groups (P = 0.048) only (age, P = 0.089). The MSNA was greater in the older groups (P < 0.001) only (sex, P = 0.228). Increased MSNA was shown to correlate with a decrease in BV (P = 0.004) in men only when adjusted for age (women, P = 0.133). There was a positive relation between MSNA and FVR (P = 0.020) in men but not women (P = 0.422). There were no significant relations between MSNA and LV mass, LVEDV or LVESV. The findings suggest that the increase in resting MSNA with age may be related to the decline in BV in men only, but it is unknown whether sex differences in sympathetic adrenergic vasoconstriction occur independently of these changes.

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  • Males have longer and larger skeletal structure than females, creating advantages in sports where levers influence force application, longer limb/digit length is favorable, and height, mass and proportions are directly responsible for performance capacity.

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    From Transgender Women in the Female Category of Sport: Perspectives on Testosterone Suppression and Performance Advantage (2021) · cites this paper as [37]

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    From Transgender Women in the Female Category of Sport: Perspectives on Testosterone Suppression and Performance Advantage (2021) · cites this paper as [37]

  • Males have reduced fat mass and different distribution of body fat and lean muscle mass compared with females, which increases power to weight ratios and upper to lower limb strength.

    “reduced fat mass, and different distribution of body fat and lean muscle mass, which increases power to weight ratios and upper to lower limb strength in sports where this may be a crucial determinant of success”

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Authors
Best, S. A., Okada, Y., Galbreath, M. M., Jarvis, S. S., Bivens, T. B., Adams‐Huet, B., & Fu, Q.
Affiliations
  • Texas Health Dallas (US)
  • UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA
Corresponding author
Fu, Qi
ORCID
Venue
Experimental Physiology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2014-04-23
Volume
99
Issue
6
Pages
839-848
ISSN
  • 0958-0670 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-445X
DOI
10.1113/expphysiol.2013.077248
OpenAlex
W1537095310
Cited by
31
References
47
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2014: 1
FWCI
1.37
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Experimental Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL091078, HL075283, K23HL075283, HL091078)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Keywords
muscle sympathetic nerve activity, age differences, sex differences, hemodynamics, blood volume, left ventricular mass, left ventricular dimensions, forearm vascular resistance, systemic vascular resistance, cardiac output, hypertension pathogenesis, autonomic nervous system, older adults, women, menopause
MeSH terms
Adrenergic Fibers, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Blood Pressure, Blood Volume, Cardiac Output, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Heart Ventricles, Hemodynamics, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Organ Size, Peroneal Nerve, Sex Characteristics, Young Adult

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