RUNX transcription factors: association with pediatric asthma and modulated by maternal smoking
Open accessAbstract
Intrauterine smoke exposure (IUS) is a strong risk factor for development of airways responsiveness and asthma in childhood. Runt-related transcription factors (RUNX1–3) have critical roles in immune system development and function. We hypothesized that genetic variations in RUNX1 would be associated with airway responsiveness in asthmatic children and that this association would be modified by IUS. Family-based association testing analysis in the Childhood Asthma Management Program genome-wide genotype data showed that 17 of 100 RUNX1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were significantly ( P < 0.03–0.04) associated with methacholine responsiveness. The association between methacholine responsiveness and one of the SNPs was significantly modified by a history of IUS exposure. Quantitative PCR analysis of immature human lung tissue with and without IUS suggested that IUS increased RUNX1 expression at the pseudoglandular stage of lung development. We examined these associations by subjecting murine neonatal lung tissue with and without IUS to quantitative PCR ( N = 4–14 per group). Our murine model showed that IUS decreased RUNX expression at postnatal days (P)3 and P5 ( P < 0.05). We conclude that 1) SNPs in RUNX1 are associated with airway responsiveness in asthmatic children and these associations are modified by IUS exposure, 2) IUS tended to increase the expression of RUNX1 in early human development, and 3) a murine IUS model showed that the effects of developmental cigarette smoke exposure persisted for at least 2 wk after birth. We speculate that IUS exposure-altered expression of RUNX transcription factors increases the risk of asthma in children with IUS exposure.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In rodent models, prenatal nicotine exposure causes DNA methylation changes, including Runx1 methylation, associated with increased asthma risk.
“In rodent models, prenatal nicotine exposure causes similar DNA methylation changes, including changes in Runx1 methylation, which has been associated with increased risk of asthma”
From Developmental toxicity of nicotine: A transdisciplinary synthesis and implications for emerging tobacco products (2017) · cites this paper as [219]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Loss of Runx1 perturbs adult hematopoiesis and is associated with a myeloproliferative phenotype
Growney, J. D., Shigematsu, H., Li, Z., Lee, B. H., Adelsperger, J., Rowan, R., Curley, D. P., Kutok, J. L., Akashi, K., Williams, I. R., et al. (2005) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2004-08-3280 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Maternal Nicotine Exposure Upregulates Collagen Gene Expression in Fetal Monkey Lung
Sekhon, H. S., Keller, J. A., Proskocil, B. J., Martin, E. L., & Spindel, E. R. (2002) · American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1165/ajrcmb.26.1.4170 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Runx1 prevents wasting, myofibrillar disorganization, and autophagy of skeletal muscle
Wang, X., Blagden, C., Fan, J., Nowak, S. J., Taniuchi, I., Littman, D. R., & Burden, S. J. (2005) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1318305 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
RUNX1/AML1: A Central Player in Hematopoiesis
Okuda, T., Nishimura, M., Nakao, M., & Fujitaa, Y. (2001) · International Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1007/bf02982057 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
In utero smoke exposure and impaired response to inhaled corticosteroids in children with asthma
Cohen, R. T., Raby, B. A., Van Steen, K., Fuhlbrigge, A. L., Celedón, J. C., Rosner, B. A., Strunk, R. C., Zeiger, R. S., & Weiss, S. T. (2010) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.06.016 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Airway smooth muscle in airway reactivity and remodeling: what have we learned?
Prakash, Y. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology - Lung cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.00259.2013 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
England, L. J., Aagaard, K., Bloch, M., Conway, K., Cosgrove, K., Grana, R., Gould, T. J., Hatsukami, D., Jensen, F., Kandel, D., et al. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.013 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Recent advances in late lung development and the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Madurga, A., Mižíková, I., Ruiz-Camp, J., & Morty, R. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology - Lung cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.00267.2013 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Prakash, Y. S. (2016) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.00370.2016 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Andrušaitytė, S., Gražulevičienė, R., Kudzytė, J., Bernotiene, A., Dėdelė, A., & Nieuwenhuijsen, M. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010341 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Maccani, J. Z. J., Koestler, D., Houseman, E., Marsit, C., & Kelsey, K. (2013) · Epigenomics · doi:10.2217/epi.13.63 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Vitamin C Prevents Offspring DNA Methylation Changes Associated with Maternal Smoking in Pregnancy
Shorey-Kendrick, L., McEvoy, C., Ferguson, B., Burchard, J., Park, B., Gao, L.-N., Vuylsteke, B., Milner, K., Morris, C., & Spindel, E. (2017) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201610-2141oc · Cited by 82 · see citing works
“RUNX1 polymorphisms are associated with airway hyperresponsiveness in pediatric asthma, and expression of RUNX1 is elevated in embryonic human lung after intrauterine smoke exposure (20).”
BackgroundThe RUNX complex: reaching beyond haematopoiesis into immunity
Voon, D. C., Hor, Y. T., & Ito, Y. (2015) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/imm.12535 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Altered placental DNA methylation patterns associated with maternal smoking: current perspectives
Maccani, J. Z. J., & Maccani, M. (2015) · Advances in Genomics and Genetics · doi:10.2147/agg.s61518 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“117,118 Suter et al 41 found MCSDP-associated methylation alterations in a number of genes regulating DNA replication, excision repair, cellular membrane fusion, G-protein coupled receptor activity, and transcriptional regulation, potentially highlighting the placental genomic damage incurred by…”
RUNX1: A Regulator of NF-κB Signaling in Pulmonary Diseases
Tang, X., Sun, L. V., Wang, G., Chen, B., & Luo, F. (2017) · Current Protein and Peptide Science · doi:10.2174/1389203718666171009111835 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“Double staining with an epithelial cell marker confirmed that the immunopositive cells were located predominantly in cartilage and epithelium [58], indicating that the pattern of RUNX1 expression in developing human lung is similar to that observed in murine.”
BackgroundResultSmoke exposure as a risk factor for asthma in childhood: a review of current evidence.
Ferrante, G., Antona, R., Malizia, V., Montalbano, L., Corsello, G., & Grutta, S. L. (2014) · Allergy and Asthma Proceedings · doi:10.2500/aap.2014.35.3789 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“hypothesized that the abnormal expression patterns of RUNX (Runt related) transcription factors that contribute to the increased susceptibility to asthma in children is modulated by smoke exposure during pregnancy.(9) RUNX transcription factors are involved in maturation of cartilage and muscle cells during the pseudo…”
BackgroundRunt‐Related Transcription Factor 1 Regulates LPS‐Induced Acute Lung Injury via NF‐&kgr;B Signaling
Tang, X.-J., Sun, L., Jin, X.-D., Chen, Y.-F., Zhu, H., Liang, Y., Wu, Q., Han, X., Liang, J.-N., Liu, X.-J., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1165/rcmb.2016-0319oc · Cited by 49
“Maternal smoke exposure increased the expression of RUNX1 during fetal lung development and influenced the postnatal expression of RUNX1 in murine models (2).”
BackgroundLi, H., Wang, H., Sokulsky, L. A., Liu, S., Yang, R. R., Liu, X., Zhou, L., Li, J., Huang, C., Li, F., et al. (2020) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.032 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Singh, S., Chand, H., Langley, R., Mishra, N., Barrett, T., Rudolph, K., Tellez, C., Filipczak, P., Belinsky, S., Saeed, A., et al. (2017) · Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1700014 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Furthermore, RUNX transcription factors have been implicated in predicting asthma associated with maternal smoking (55).”
BackgroundInter- and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance: evidence in asthma and COPD?
Krauss‐Etschmann, S., Meyer, K. F., Dehmel, S., & Hylkema, M. N. (2015) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-015-0085-1 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“Mainstream tobacco smoking (MS; ‘active smoking’) MS [78,86,90,102,103,134,135] MS [78,86,90,101-103,134,135] SS [86,134], A.”
BackgroundTargeted DNA methylation profiling reveals epigenetic signatures in peanut allergy
Zhou, X.-Y., Han, X.-R., Lyu, S.-C., Bunning, B., Kost, L., Chang, I., Cao, S., Sampath, V., & Nadeau, K. (2021) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.143058 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) showed that the SNPs in RUNX1 are 295 associated with airway responsiveness in asthmatic children (34) and the RUNX1 transcription 296 factor has been identified as a molecular link in TGFβ induced FOXP3 expression in inducible 297 Treg (35).”
BackgroundVoronov, D. A., Gromova, A., Liu, D., Zoukhri, D., Medvinsky, A., Meech, R., & Makarenkova, H. P. (2013) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.13-11791 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Consistent with our data, recent publications show that Runx proteins are expressed in epithelial cells in salivary and mammary glands, prostate, intestine, and lung.(16,18,19,23,46,58) Recent lineage tracing studies of skin epithelia using Runx1-CreER knockin mice reported that embryonic Runx1þ placode cells show lon…”
ResultLung Development Genes and Adult Lung Function
Portas, L., Pereira, M., Shaheen, S., Wyss, A., London, S., Burney, P., Hind, M., Dean, C. H., & Minelli, C. (2020) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201912-2338oc · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Interestingly, two additional genes were previously associated with asthma-related phenotypes, RUNX1 with pediatric asthma (36) and IgE concentrations (37) in two candidate-gene studies, and ITGB5 with airway hyperresponsiveness in individuals with asthma in a GWAS (38).”
BackgroundSulaiman, I., Lim, J. C. W., Soo, H. L., & Stanslas, J. (2016) · Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pupt.2016.07.005 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“…or 656 activators of target factors is critical to obtaining minimal adverse effect that may arise from 657 this approach (Roth and Black, 2006; Haley et al., 2011; Schieck et al., 2016) 658 The characteristic Th2 molecular endotype of allergic asthma is controlled by a zinc finger 659…”
Nasal DNA methylation differentiates severe from non-severe asthma in African-American children
Zhu, T., Zhang, X., Chen, X., Brown, A. P., Weirauch, M., Guilbert, T., Hershey, G. K. K., Biagini, J., & Ji, H. (2020) · Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1111/all.14655 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
A Multiomics Approach to Identify Genes Associated with Childhood Asthma Risk and Morbidity
Forno, E., Wang, T., Yan, Q., Brehm, J. M., Acosta‐Pérez, E., Colón‐Semidey, A., Alvarez, M., Boutaoui, N., Cloutier, M. M., Alcorn, J. F., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1165/rcmb.2017-0002oc · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Kuniyoshi, K. M., & Rehan, V. K. (2019) · Birth Defects Research · doi:10.1002/bdr2.1595 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Respiratory Morbidity in Infants Born With a Congenital Lung Malformation
Delestrain, C., Khen-dunlop, N., Hadchouel, A., Cros, P., Ducoin, H., Fayon, M., Gibertini, I., Labbé, A., Labouret, G., Lebras, M., et al. (2017) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2016-2988 · Cited by 30
Toppila-Salmi, S. K., Luukkainen, A. T., Xu, B., Lampi, J., AUVINEN, J. P., Dhaygude, K., Järvelin, M., & Pekkanen, J. (2020) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.01857-2019 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Wu, W.-L., Gao, J.-L., Chen, D., Chen, G.-Q., Feng, Y.-C., Chang, C., Chen, S., Yi, L., & Zhen, G.-H. (2022) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/s12931-022-01933-x · Cited by 24
“There are three RUNX genes, RUNX1, RUNX2 and RUNX3, in mammals.”
BackgroundAzari, H., Karimi, E., Shekari, M., Tahmasebi, A., Nikpoor, A. R., Negahi, A. A., Sanadgol, N., & Mousavi, P. (2021) · Epigenomics · doi:10.2217/epi-2021-0296 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Runx2, a novel regulator for goblet cell differentiation and asthma development
Shi, N., Zhang, J., & Chen, S.-Y. (2017) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201600954r · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Both Runx1 and Runx3 appear to be associated with the risk of asthma in children with intrauterine smoke exposure (16), whereas Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) is found to be involved in tumor malignancies attributable to the epithelial– mesenchymal transition (17).”
BackgroundLappas, M. (2018) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2018.01.003 · Cited by 23
Secreted phosphoprotein 1 is a determinant of lung function development in mice.
Ganguly, K., Martin, T. M., Concel, V. J., Upadhyay, S., Bein, K., Brant, K., George, L., Mitra, A., Thimraj, T. A., Fabisiak, J., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1165/rcmb.2013-0471oc · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Zhu, Z.-Z., Li, Y., Freishtat, R., Celedón, J., Espinola, J., Harmon, B., Hahn, A., Camargo, C. A., Liang, L.-M., & Hasegawa, K. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41300-y · Cited by 21
“Geneticvariationin RUNX1 isassociatedwithairway responsiveness in children with asthma, and the association is mod-i fi ed by intrauterine smoke exposure 49 .”
Franck, F. C., Benatti, B. B., Andia, D. C., Cirano, F. R., Casarin, R. C. V., Corrêa, M. G., & Ribeiro, F. V. (2017) · International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2017.08.004 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Hammer, B. O., Wagner, C., Rankov, A. D., Reuter, S., Bartel, S., Hylkema, M. N., Krüger, A., Svanes, C., & Krauss‐Etschmann, S. (2018) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/cea.13283 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“In utero smoke exposure decreased the expression of RUNX1 and RUNX3 in the developing lung at PND 3 and PND 5 suggesting them as mediators both of deregulated immunity and increased risk of developing asthma.(46) A recent study examined the correlation of the insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) axis and abnormalities in…”
BackgroundGao, L., Liu, X., Millstein, J., Siegmund, K. D., Dubeau, L., Maguire, R. L., Zhang, J. J., Fuemmeler, B. F., Kollins, S. H., Hoyo, C., et al. (2018) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-018-0532-x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
RUN(X) out of blood: emerging RUNX1 functions beyond hematopoiesis and links to Down syndrome
Rozen, E. J., Ozeroff, C. D., & Allen, M. A. (2023) · Human Genomics · doi:10.1186/s40246-023-00531-2 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“[223] found that RUNX1 is highly expressed in human fetal lung, predominantly in cartilage and epithelium.”
BackgroundHe, C.-J., Bai, X., Li, Y.-B., Sun, H., Kong, X., Fu, B.-C., Chen, L.-T., Zhu, K., Li, P.-J., & Xu, S.-D. (2019) · Cell Cycle · doi:10.1080/15384101.2019.1678966 · Cited by 13
“Runt-related transcription factor family (RUNX), including RUNX1, RUNX2 and RUNX3, could exert functions in embryological development, nervous system, angiogenesis, hematopoiesis and immune responses [8].”
BackgroundPreterm Birth, Developmental Smoke/Nicotine Exposure, and Life-Long Pulmonary Sequelae
Kurihara, C., Kuniyoshi, K., & Rehan, V. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10040608 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Allegra, A., Murdaca, G., Gammeri, L., Ettari, R., & Gangemi, S. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24021783 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Life Cycle of Childhood Asthma
Ross, K. R., Teague, W. G., & Gaston, B. M. (2018) · Clinics in Chest Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2018.10.008 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The Impact of Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Wheezing and Overweight in 4–6-Year-Old Children
Gražulevičienė, R., Andrušaitytė, S., Uždanavičiūtė, I., Kudzytė, J., Kėvalas, R., & Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. (2014) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2014/240757 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“hyperresponsiveness also has an impact on the expression of asthma symptoms [18, 47].”
BackgroundTranscriptional Regulation of RUNX1: An Informatics Analysis
Thomas, A., Marsman, J., Antony, J., Schierding, W., O'Sullivan, J., & Horsfield, J. A. (2021) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes12081175 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“R1RE14 SNP rs9976900 has previously been associated with long non-coding RNA RUNX1-IT1 eQTL in the brain cortex [93] and was also associated with paediatric asthma [94].”
BackgroundKim, J., Shin, I., Shin, N., Nam, J., & Kim, C. (2020) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2020.11245 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Beck, R. S., Liang, O. D., & Klinger, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2023.1274033 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
RUNX1 gene expression changes in the placentas of women smokers
Bermúdez, L. G., Madariaga, I., Zuñiga, M., Olaya, M., Cañas, A., Rodríguez, L., Moreno, O. M., & Rojas, A. P. (2021) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2021.10334 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“…non‑smoking women and women smokers, as well as the AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line to allow the sensitivity of the test for identifying overall methylation markers to be validated. exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy, which tends to increase the expression levels of RUNX1 (22).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSharma, S., Kho, A. T., Chhabra, D., Haley, K. J., Vyhlidal, C. A., Gaedigk, R., Leeder, J. S., Tantisira, K. G., Raby, B. A., & Weiss, S. T. (2020) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare8040536 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“We used our mouse model [21,24] to investigate the effect of IUS exposure on miRNA expression in the early postnatal period.”
MethodSelf-citationThe Association Between Runx Signaling and Craniofacial Development and Disease
Yamashiro, T., Kurosaka, H., & Inubush, T. (2021) · Current Osteoporosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11914-021-00692-w · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Le tabagisme passif chez l’enfant et les risques allergiques
Labbé, G., Egron, C., & Labbé, A. (2020) · Revue française d'allergologie · doi:10.1016/j.reval.2020.02.231 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Wegmann, M., Fehrenbach, H., & Krauss‐Etschmann, S. (2015) · Pneumologie · doi:10.1055/s-0041-108313
Early-life Tobacco Smoke/Nicotine Exposure and Offspring Health
Kuniyoshi, K. M., Hang, B., & Rehan, V. K. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-3797-4_2 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Labbé, A., & Labbé, J.-P. (2014) · EMC - Pediatría · doi:10.1016/s1245-1789(14)67272-3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Éste es el tipo de estudio que han realizado Halley et al [43] sobre los factores de transcripción runt-relative transcription factor (RUNX) que desempeñan un papel determinante en el desarrollo del sistema inmunitario.”
BackgroundInfluentialEnhancers regulate genes linked to severe and mild childhood asthma
Akhter, T., Mileti, E., Kere, M., Kolmert, J., Konradsen, J., Hedlin, G., Mélen, E., & Daub, C. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34386 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Transcriptional factor RUNX1: A potential therapeutic target for fibrotic pulmonary disease
LIU, J., WANG, F., YUAN, B., & Luo, F. (2023) · Biocell · doi:10.32604/biocell.2023.026148 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The fetal exposome: cellular and epigenetic programming of neonatal immune function
Dodwell, W., Cousins, D., Boyle, E., & Pillay, T. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1896547
Belova, Y., Mironova, E., Zubareva, T., Kvetnoy, I., & Yablonsky, P. (2024) · Rossijskij fiziologičeskij žurnal im. I.M. Sečenova · doi:10.31857/s0869813924040029
Role of Transcription Factor NF-κB in Neuroimmunoendocrine Mechanisms of Respiratory Diseases
Belova, Y., Mironova, E., Zubareva, T., Kvetnoy, I., & Yablonsky, P. (2024) · Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology · doi:10.1134/s0022093024020285
Tabagisme passif chez l’enfant
Labbé, A., & Labbé, J. (2014) · EMC - Pédiatrie - Maladies infectieuses · doi:10.1016/s1637-5017(13)52118-1
- Authors
- Haley, K. J., Lasky-Su, J., Manoli, S. E., Smith, L. A., Shahsafaei, A., Weiss, S. T., & Tantisira, K.
- Affiliations
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine,
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, and
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Haley, Kathleen J.
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2011-11
- Volume
- 301
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- L693-L701
- ISSN
- 1040-0605 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1504
- PMC
- PMC3213989
- OpenAlex
- W2028406088
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 1.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32 HL07427, U01HL065899, R00HL096840, R01HL097144, K08 HL7910, U01HL075419, R01HL092197, R01HL086601, P01HL083069, U01 HL65899, T32HL007427)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R03ES016399)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Keywords
- RUNX1, Runx transcription factors, childhood asthma, maternal smoking, airway responsiveness, methacholine responsiveness, single nucleotide polymorphisms, gene-environment interaction, lung development, pseudoglandular stage, childhood asthma risk
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Asthma, Child, Female, Fetus, Genetic Testing, Humans, Male, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Risk Factors, Smoking, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Gene Expression, Methacholine Chloride, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit, Mice, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
