The DOI matches its Crossref record; 140 of the 140 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Thermoregulation: some concepts have changed. Functional architecture of the thermoregulatory system
Abstract
While summarizing the current understanding of how body temperature (T b ) is regulated, this review discusses the recent progress in the following areas: central and peripheral thermosensitivity and temperature-activated transient receptor potential (TRP) channels; afferent neuronal pathways from peripheral thermosensors; and efferent thermoeffector pathways. It is proposed that activation of temperature-sensitive TRP channels is a mechanism of peripheral thermosensitivity. Special attention is paid to the functional architecture of the thermoregulatory system. The notion that deep T b is regulated by a unified system with a single controller is rejected. It is proposed that T b is regulated by independent thermoeffector loops, each having its own afferent and efferent branches. The activity of each thermoeffector is triggered by a unique combination of shell and core T b s. Temperature-dependent phase transitions in thermosensory neurons cause sequential activation of all neurons of the corresponding thermoeffector loop and eventually a thermoeffector response. No computation of an integrated T b or its comparison with an obvious or hidden set point of a unified system is necessary. Coordination between thermoeffectors is achieved through their common controlled variable, T b . The described model incorporates Kobayashi’s views, but Kobayashi’s proposal to eliminate the term sensor is rejected. A case against the term set point is also made. Because this term is historically associated with a unified control system, it is more misleading than informative. The term balance point is proposed to designate the regulated level of T b and to attract attention to the multiple feedback, feedforward, and open-loop components that contribute to thermal balance.
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“For example, thermoreceptors have been found in other areas, including the brain stem, and indeed in other central nervous system structures such as the spinal cord [30], underscoring the fact that the thermoregulatory system is diffuse [31].”
From Human thermal perception and time of day: A review (2021) · cites this paper as [31]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Romanovsky, A. A.
- Affiliations
- St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Romanovsky, Andrej A.
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2007-01
- Volume
- 292
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- R37-R46
- ISSN
- 0363-6119 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1490
- OpenAlex
- W2105155111
- Semantic Scholar
- 951d6465df2e12dece490320600c7edb60b61d1b
- Cited by
- 786
- References
- 140
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 2.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS041233, NS41233)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Ion Channels and Receptors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Thermal Regulation in Medicine
- Keywords
- thermoregulation, thermosensitive TRP channels, set point, balance point, thermosensory neurons, open-loop control
- MeSH terms
- Afferent Pathways, Animals, Autonomic Nervous System, Body Temperature Regulation, Humans, Neurons, Afferent, Peripheral Nervous System, Transient Receptor Potential Channels
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