Human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein 120 alters sleep and induces cytokine mRNA expression in rats [published errata appear in Am J Physiol 1996 Aug;271(2 Pt 2):section R following table of contents and 1996 Dec;271(6 Pt 3):section R following table of contents]
Abstract
Sleep is altered during the course of viral infection, including that in which the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the etiologic agent. Alterations in the sleep of HIV-infected individuals occur early in the course of infection, prior to the onset of AIDS. The mechanisms for such alterations in sleep are not known. The HIV envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp120) induces the synthesis and secretion of cytokines that enhance [e.g., interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor] and suppress (e.g., IL-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist) sleep. We used a well-defined rat model to test the hypothesis that the HIV gp120 alters sleep. Recombinant HIV-1IIIB gp120 was injected intracerebroventricularly (20- 500 ng) into rats prior to dark onset. Sleep-wake behavior was not altered after the 20-ng dose, whereas both non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) were initially enhanced and subsequently suppressed after the 100-ng dose. NREMS was enhanced for 8 h after the 500-ng dose; REMS was not affected by this dose. Brain temperature was not altered by any of the gp120 doses used in this study. In addition, mRNA expression for IL-1 beta and IL-10 was induced in the hypothalamus by gp120; this brain region is crucial for the regulation of sleep. These new data support the hypothesis that altered cytokine concentrations within the central nervous system play a pivotal role in the complex alterations in sleep observed during HIV infection.
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In rats, the NREM sleep-increasing effects of IL-1 occur only within a small dose-window: lower doses increase NREM sleep without fever; higher doses accompanied by fever increase and fragment NREM but decrease REM sleep; even higher doses decrease both.
“in rats, NREM sleep-increasing effects of IL-1 occur only within a small dose-window: lower doses of IL-1 increase NREM sleep without inducing fever; higher doses of IL-1 accompanied by fever increase and fragment NREM but decrease REM sleep; and even higher doses decrease both (412)”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [412]
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- Authors
- Opp, M. R., Rady, P. L., Hughes, T. K., Cadet, P., Tyring, S. K., & Smith, E. M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1996-05-01
- Volume
- 270
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- R963-R970
- ISSN
- 0363-6119 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1490
- OpenAlex
- W2212686890
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01dk041034-06, 5r01da008354-03)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA-08354)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK41034)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- sleep regulation, sleep-wake behavior, cytokine mRNA expression, IL-1β, IL-10, NREM sleep, REM sleep, hypothalamus, intracerebroventricular administration, brain temperature, HIV infection
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Hypothalamus, Injections, Intraventricular, Interleukin-1, Male, RNA, Messenger, Sleep, HIV-1, HIV Envelope Protein gp120, Interleukin-10, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats
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