Sleep and Microbes
Open accessAbstract
Sleep is profoundly altered during the course of infectious diseases. The typical response to infection includes an initial increase in nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) followed by an inhibition in NREMS. REMS is inhibited during infections. Bacterial cell wall components, such as peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide, macrophage digests of these components, such as muramyl peptides, and viral products, such as viral double-stranded RNA, trigger sleep responses. They do so via pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition receptors that, in turn, enhance cytokine production. Altered sleep and associated sleep-facilitated fever responses are likely adaptive responses to infection. Normal sleep in physiological conditions may also be influenced by gut microbes because the microbiota is affected by circadian rhythms, stressors, diet, and exercise. Furthermore, sleep loss enhances translocation of viable bacteria from the intestine, which provides another means by which sleep-microbe interactions impact neurobiology.
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A muramyl peptide was identified as the upstream signal of sleep regulatory substances, in particular IL-1 and TNF.
“A muramyl peptide was identified as the upstream signal of sleep regulatory substances, in particular IL-1 and TNF (304).”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [304]
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Johannsen, L., Labischinski, H., & Krueger, J. M. (1991) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.59.7.2502-2504.1991 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationZielinski, M. R., & Krueger, J. M. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-1703-7.10048-9 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationLighting conditions alter Candida albicans-induced sleep responses in rabbits
Toth, L. A., & Krueger, J. M. (1995) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1995.269.6.r1441 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationDiaminopimelate in mammalian urine.
Kryściak, J. (1980) · PubMed · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Fever, Body Temperature, and Levels of Arousal
Opp, M. R. (2019) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780429114373-39 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationKrueger, J. M., & Roy, S. (2016) · PubMed · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationMele (1999) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199902)57:2
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Pappenheimer JR Zich KE 1987 Absorption of hydrophilic solutes from the small intestine The Journal of Physiology 371 138P
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease
Besedovsky, L., Lange, T., & Haack, M. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00010.2018 · Cited by 1,479 · see citing works
“In this study, cell injury was most pronounced in the intestine (173), which could result in increased intestinal permeability (leaky gut) and, together with the impairment of host defense following sleep loss, to a translocation of commensal bacteria and PAMP-driven systemic inflammation (175, 303) (see also sect.”
BackgroundSleep, circadian rhythm, and gut microbiota
Matenchuk, B. A., Mandhane, P. J., & Kozyrskyj, A. L. (2020) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101340 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Butyrate, a metabolite of intestinal bacteria, enhances sleep
Szentirmai, É., Millican, N. S., Massie, A. R., & Kapás, L. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-43502-1 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Bacterial Peptidoglycans from Microbiota in Neurodevelopment and Behavior
Gonzalez-Santana, A., & Diaz Heijtz, R. (2020) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2020.05.003 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Prescott, S. L., Wegienka, G., Logan, A. C., & Katz, D. L. (2018) · BioPsychoSocial Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13030-018-0126-z · Cited by 53 · see citing works
- Authors
- Krueger, J. M., & Opp, M. R.
- Affiliations
- Washington State University Spokane (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Krueger, J.M.
- ORCID
- Opp, M.R.
- Venue
- International Review of Neurobiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2016
- Volume
- 131
- Pages
- 207-225
- ISSN
- 0074-7742 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5441385
- OpenAlex
- W2508003049
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6
- FWCI
- 22.51
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- International review of neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG041287)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R21AI115706)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS025378)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD036520)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- sleep, infection, NREM sleep, REM sleep, peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharide, muramyl peptides, viral double-stranded RNA, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, cytokine production, fever, gut microbiota, circadian rhythm, sleep deprivation, intestinal bacterial translocation, host-microbe interactions
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Humans, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders, Cytokines
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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