Comparison of physiological responses of women and men to isometric exercise
Abstract
The volunteers for this study were 83 women, aged 19–65 yr, drawn from several different occupations. Three minutes after exerting maximal handgrip strength (MVC) each subject held a tension of 40 percent MVC to fatigue. Blood pressures and heart rates were measured before, during, and after the endurance of contraction. Age was associated with a reduction of strength of the women, whereas their endurance at 40 percent at 40 per cent MVC increased. There was evidence that menopause enhanced those age effects for strength and endurance. At rest, age was associated with a decreased heart rate. As expected, the heart rates of all the women increased during the endurance contraction. But that increase was greater for the younger than for the older women, thereby exaggerating the difference due to age already seen at rest. Systolic blood pressure at rest was higher with age and, in a similar manner, that relationship was also exaggerated throughout the isometric contraction. Diastolic blood pressure, however, was not changed with age at rest, and although the diastolic pressure increased during the isometric exercise, the rate of increase was unaffected by age. The results obtained are compared with those from a similarly large number of men examined in identical circumstances.
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This decline in regenerative capacity is thought to be directly related to findings that estrogen is associated with maintenance of muscle strength in pre- and postmenopausal women and suggests a role for ERs in skeletal muscle maintenance.
“This decline in regenerative capacity is thought to be directly related to findings that estrogen is associated with maintenance of muscle strength in pre- and postmenopausal women (69) and suggests a role for ERs in skeletal muscle maintenance (64, 84, 85, 88).”
From Sex-Based Differences in Skeletal Muscle Kinetics and Fiber-Type Composition (2015) · cites this paper as [69]
Previous findings of lesser muscular endurance at the same percentage of MVC force in men than in women may relate simply to contraction conditions eliciting a greater degree of imbalance between muscle O2 supply and demand for men.
“Thus, previous ®ndings of a lesser muscular endurance at the same percentage of MVC force in men than in women (Petrofsky et al. 1975, Maughan et al. 1986, Miller et al. 1993, West et al. 1995) may relate simply to contraction conditions eliciting a greater degree of imbalance between muscle O 2 supply and demand for men.”
From Slower fatigue and faster recovery of the adductor pollicis muscle in women matched for strength with men (1999) · cites this paper as Petrofsky et al. 1975
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LIND, A. R., & Petrofsky, J. S. (1978) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-261350-0.50018-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationThe influence of gender on skeletal muscle endurance capacity
Heneghan, N. R. (2005) · Physical Therapy Reviews · doi:10.1179/108331905x68529 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Yamaji, S. (2006) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.103.5.29-39 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
PETROFSKY, J. S., John, D. L., & Rinehart, S. (1981) · The Knowledge Bank (The Ohio State University)
Self-citationKeller‐Ross, M. L. (2011) · e-Publications@Marquette (Marquette University)
Sex- and age-related blood pressure response to dynamic work with small muscle masses
Kobryn, U., Hoffmann, B., & Ransch, E. (1986) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00422898
“During isometric handgrip contractions both systolic and diastolic blood pressures have been found to be higher in men than in women in the third and fourth decades of life, and in these decades blood pressure was unaffected by age (Petrofsky et al. 1975; Petrofsky and Lind 1975a).”
BackgroundWeitzel, E., & Freel, M. (1981) · doi:10.17077/etd.qjtfkfk0
- Authors
- Petrofsky, J. S., Burse, R. L., & Lind, A. R.
- ORCID
- Lind, A. R.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1975-05-01
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 863-868
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2416158615
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- isometric exercise, sex differences, grip strength, exercise endurance, age effects, menopause, heart rate, blood pressure
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Blood Pressure, Physical Exertion, Fatigue, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Menopause, Muscle Contraction, Sex Factors
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