The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Calculation of substrate oxidation rates in vivo from gaseous exchange.
Abstract
This paper reviews the assumptions involved in calculating rates of carbohydrate and fat oxidation from measurements of O2 consumption, CO2 production, and urinary nitrogen excretion. It is shown that erroneous results are obtained in the presence of metabolic processes such as lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. The apparent rates calculated under these conditions can, however, be interpreted as net rates of "utilization." Thus the apparent rate of carbohydrate oxidation is the sum of the rates of utilization for oxidation and for lipogenesis minus the rate at which carbohydrate is formed from amino acids. The apparent rate of fat oxidation is the difference between the rates of oxidation and synthesis from carbohydrate, so that the apparently negative rates encountered in patients infused with glucose do quantitatively represent net rates of synthesis. Other processes such as synthesis of ketone bodies or lactate at rates greater than their utilization can also disturb the calculations, but the magnitude of the effect can be estimated from appropriate measurements. Methods of correcting the observed gaseous exchange in these circumstances are given.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The coupling between oxygen uptake (VO2) and CO2 production (VCO2) has known stoichiometry, which allows the calculation of substrate oxidation and energy expenditure from VO2 and VCO2 measurements obtained via indirect calorimetry.”
From Effect of Exercise Training on Fat Loss—Energetic Perspectives and the Role of Improved Adipose Tissue Function and Body Fat Distribution (2021) · cites this paper as Frayn, 1983
In the citing paper
“The oxidation of 1 g of glucose requires 0.747 L of O2 and provides 17 kJ (4 kcal), that of 1 g of fat requires 2.03 L of O2 and provides 37 kJ (9 kcal), and that of 1 g of protein 0.966 L of O2 and provides 17 kJ (4 kcal).”
From Effect of Exercise Training on Fat Loss—Energetic Perspectives and the Role of Improved Adipose Tissue Function and Body Fat Distribution (2021) · cites this paper as Frayn, 1983
In the citing paper
“Theoretically, the energy content in 1 kg of fat allows a person weighing 70 kg to run approximately 125 km (Frayn, 1983; Litleskare et al., 2020).”
From Effect of Exercise Training on Fat Loss—Energetic Perspectives and the Role of Improved Adipose Tissue Function and Body Fat Distribution (2021) · cites this paper as Frayn, 1983
Citations
Cites
The Fire of Life: An Introduction to Animal Energetics
Kleiber, M. (1975) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,556
Practical Clinical Biochemistry
(1955) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1955.02960030087036 · Cited by 1,477
Durnin, J. V. G. A., & PASSMORE, R. (1967) · Heinemann Educational Books · Cited by 596
The Metabolic Management of the Critically Ill
Wilmore, D. W. (1977) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2382-2 · Cited by 232
Carbohydrate metabolism in man: effect of elective operations and major injury.
Long, C. L., Spencer, J. L., Kinney, J. M., & Geiger, J. W. (1971) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1971.31.1.110 · Cited by 194
Plasma Acetone Metabolism in the Fasting Human
Reichard, G., Haff, A. C., Skutches, C. L., Paul, P., Holroyde, C. P., & Owen, O. E. (1979) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci109344 · Cited by 156
The effect of sepsis on the oxidation of carbohydrate and fat
Stoner, H. B., Little, R., Frayn, K. N., Elebute, A. E., Tresadern, J. C., & Gross, E. (1983) · British journal of surgery · doi:10.1002/bjs.1800700113 · Cited by 147
Self-citationFat Metabolism in Heavy Exercise
Jones, N. L., Heigenhauser, G. J. F., Kuksis, A., Matsos, C. G., Sutton, J. R., & Toews, C. J. (1980) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0590469 · Cited by 136
Fatty acid patterns in human adipose tissue
Hirsch, J. (1965) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp050117 · Cited by 75
Respiratory quotients lower than 0.70 in ketogenic diets
Schütz, Y., & Ravussin, É. (1980) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/33.6.1317 · Cited by 59
Disturbances in lactate metabolism in patients with liver damage due to paracetamol overdose
Record, C. O., Chase, R. A., Williams, R. L., & Appleton, D. (1981) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(81)90076-7 · Cited by 58
Effects of Therapy on the Nature and Quantity of Fuels Oxidized During Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Owen, O. E., Trapp, V. E., Reichard, G., Mozzoli, M. A., Smith, R., & Boden, G. (1980) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.29.5.365 · Cited by 51
Substrate Oxidation Shortly after Accidental Injury in Man
Little, R. A., Stoner, H. B., & Frayn, K. N. (1981) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0610789 · Cited by 35
Self-citationThe metabolism of fructose during hypothermia in man.
WYNN, V. (1956) · PubMed · Cited by 16
Magnus-Levy, A. (1907) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 10
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Insulin Resistance in Essential Hypertension
Ferrannini, E., Buzzigoli, G., Bonadonna, R., Giorico, M. A., Oleggini, M., Graziadei, L., Pedrinelli, R., Brandi, L., & Bevilacqua, S. (1987) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198708063170605 · Cited by 2,344
Dysfunction of Mitochondria in Human Skeletal Muscle in Type 2 Diabetes
Kelley, D. E., He, J., Menshikova, E. V., & Ritov, V. B. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.10.2944 · Cited by 2,321
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: association of insulin resistance and mitochondrial abnormalities
Sanyal, A. J., Campbell–Sargent, C., Mirshahi, F., Rizzo, W. B., Contos, M. J., Sterling, R. K., Luketic, V. A., Shiffman, M. L., & Clore, J. N. (2001) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.2001.23256 · Cited by 2,078
The clinical implications of endothelial dysfunction
Widlansky, M. E., Gokce, N., Keaney, J. F., & Vita, J. A. (2003) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(03)00994-x · Cited by 1,749
Romijn, J. A., Coyle, E. F., Sidossis, L. S., Gastaldelli, A., Horowitz, J. F., Endert, E., & Wolfe, R. R. (1993) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1993.265.3.e380 · Cited by 1,747
Metadata
- Authors
- Frayn, K. N.
- Corresponding author
- Frayn, K. N.
- ORCID
- Frayn, K. N.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1983-08-01
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 628-634
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2131501155
- Cited by
- 2,365
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 66 · 2025: 85 · 2024: 89 · 2023: 96 · 2022: 103 · 2021: 94 · 2020: 130 · 2019: 99 · 2018: 97 · 2017: 96 · 2016: 90 · 2015: 82 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 68 · 2012: 72
- FWCI
- 1.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Keywords
- carbohydrate oxidation, fat oxidation, oxygen consumption, CO2 production, urinary nitrogen excretion, lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis, ketone body synthesis, lactic acid production, glucose infusion, in vivo metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Gluconeogenesis, Glucose, Humans, Lipids, Mathematics, Oxidation-Reduction, Pulmonary Gas Exchange
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
