Cited by 184Spaceflight effects on biologyCardiovascular Syncope and Autonomic DisordersSpace Exploration and Technology

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Physiological responses to prolonged bed rest and fluid immersion in humans

Greenleaf, J. E.·1984·Journal of Applied Physiology

DOI 10.1152/jappl.1984.57.3.619

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Rest in bed and immersion in water have been used for centuries by physicians and healers in treating injury and disease. The qualitative similarity of acute and chronic responses to bed rest, immersion, and weightlessness has sparked renewed interest in and a resultant greater understanding of the mechanisms of disuse deconditioning. Some combination of changes in hydrostatic pressure, reduced total metabolism (exercise), compression force on weight-bearing bones, as well as psychological factors associated with prolonged confinement in a new environment probably comprise the major input stimuli for the adaptive responses. Virtually every physiological system is affected. Early responses involve the fluid, electrolyte, and blood pressure control systems with significant muscular atrophy and decreases in bone density occurring over weeks and months. Much effort has been expended to describe the various responses to bed rest and immersion with understandably less effort devoted to research during weightlessness. Future research should be directed mainly toward an understanding of the mechanisms of these adaptive responses. Additional work is especially needed to elucidate the effects of deconditioning on drug metabolism, functioning of the immune system, carbohydrate metabolism, protein and peptide metabolism in muscle, and calcium metabolism as it affects integrity of bone.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1152/jappl.1984.57.3.619

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Still being checked.

Sorted by citations

Does the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Involve the Autonomic Nervous System?
Freeman, R. L., & Komaroff, A. L. (1997) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(97)00087-9 · Cited by 277
Review: Bone tissue engineering: The role of interstitial fluid flow
Hillsley, M. V., & Frangos, J. A. (1994) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.260430706 · Cited by 270
Occupational and individual risk factors for shoulder-neck complaints: Part II — The scientific basis (literature review) for the guide
Winkel, J., & Westgaard, R. H. (1992) · International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/0169-8141(92)90051-z · Cited by 251
Resistance exercise maintains skeletal muscle protein synthesis during bed rest
Ferrando, A. A., Tipton, K. D., Bamman, M. M., & Wolfe, R. R. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.82.3.807 · Cited by 221
Long-term dry immersion: review and prospects
Navasiolava, N. M., Custaud, M., Tomilovskaya, E., Larina, I. M., Mano, T., Gauquelin‐Koch, G., Gharib, C., & Kozlovskaya, I. B. (2010) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1750-x · Cited by 205
Moving Our Critically Ill Patients: Mobility Barriers and Benefits
Morris, P. E. (2007) · Critical Care Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2006.11.003 · Cited by 199
Dry Immersion as a Ground-Based Model of Microgravity Physiological Effects
Tomilovskaya, E., Shigueva, T. A., Sayenko, D. G., Rukavishnikov, I. V., & Kozlovskaya, I. B. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00284 · Cited by 188
The Physiology of Bed Rest
FORTNEY, S. M., Schneider, V. S., & GREENLEAF, J. E. (1996) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp040239 · Cited by 182
Self-citation
Hospital‐Associated Deconditioning and Dysfunction
Hoenig, H., & Rubenstein, L. Z. (1991) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01632.x · Cited by 171
Vascular adaptation to deconditioning and the effect of an exercise countermeasure: results of the Berlin Bed Rest study
Bleeker, M. W. P., de Groot, P. C. E., Rongen, G. A. P. J. M., Rittweger, J., Felsenberg, D., Smits, P., & Hopman, M. T. E. (2005) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00118.2005 · Cited by 165
Immobility and Falls
Mahoney, J. (1998) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-0690(18)30087-9 · Cited by 150
Temporal Association Between Hospitalization and Rate of Falls After Discharge
Mahoney, J., Palta, M., Johnson, J. L., Jalaluddin, M., Gray, S. L., Park, S., & Sager, M. A. (2000) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.160.18.2788 · Cited by 148
Derangement of body representation in complex regional pain syndrome: report of a case treated with mirror and prisms
Bultitude, J. H., & Rafal, R. D. (2009) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-009-2107-8 · Cited by 122
Neuromuscular Adaptations to Actual and Simulated Spaceflight
Edgerton, V. R., & Roy, R. R. (1996) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp040132 · Cited by 105
A prospective study of hypertension and the incidence of kidney stones in men
Cappuccio, F. P., Siani, A., Barba, G., Mellone, M. C., Russo, L., Farinaro, E., Trevisan, M., Mancini, M., & Strazzullo, P. (1999) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-199917070-00019 · Cited by 98
Renal and endocrine responses in humans to isotonic saline infusion during microgravity
Norsk, P., Drummer, C., Röcker, L., Strollo, F., Christensen, N. J., Warberg, J., Bie, P., Stadeager, C., Johansen, L. B., Heer, M. A., et al. (1995) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1995.78.6.2253 · Cited by 96
Vitamin D, calcium, and bone status in children with developmental delay in relation to anticonvulsant use and ambulatory status
Baer, M., Kozlowski, B. W., Blyler, E. M., Trahms, C., Taylor, M., & Hogan, M. (1997) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/65.4.1042 · Cited by 89
Bone tissue response to four-month antiorthostatic bedrest: A bone histomorphometric study
Palle, S., Vico, L., Bourrin, S., & Alexandre, C. (1992) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/bf00334546 · Cited by 68
Chapter 2 Neuromuscular Adaptation to Actual and Simulated Weightlessness
Edgerton, V. R., & Roy, R. R. (1994) · Advances in space biology and medicine · doi:10.1016/s1569-2574(08)60134-3 · Cited by 70
Exercise in Water During Pregnancy
Katz, V. L. (2003) · Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/00003081-200306000-00022 · Cited by 67
Body mass changes and voluntary fluid intakes of elite level water polo players and swimmers
Cox, G., Broad, E., Riley, M., & Burke, L. (2002) · Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport · doi:10.1016/s1440-2440(02)80003-2 · Cited by 66
Gravitational stress and volume regulation
Norsk, P. (1992) · Clinical Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1475-097x.1992.tb00355.x · Cited by 64
Measurement and description of physical activity in adult manual wheelchair users
Warms, C. A., Whitney, J. D., & Belza, B. L. (2008) · Disability and health journal · doi:10.1016/j.dhjo.2008.07.002 · Cited by 63
Bone growth and calcium balance during simulated weightlessness in the rat
Roer, R. D., & Dillaman, R. M. (1990) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1990.68.1.13 · Cited by 62
Blood pressure rise with swimming versus walking in older women: the Sedentary Women Exercise Adherence Trial 2 (SWEAT 2)
Cox, K. L., Burke, V., Beilin, L. J., Grove, B., BLANKSBY, B. A., & Puddey, I. B. (2006) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/01.hjh.0000200514.25571.20 · Cited by 61
Exploring the Potential Ergogenic Effects of Glycerol Hyperhydration
Nelson, J., & Robergs, R. A. (2007) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200737110-00005 · Cited by 57
Heart rate variability in exercising humans: effect of water immersion
Perini, R., Milesi, S., Biancardi, L., Pendergast, D. R., & Veicsteinas, A. (1998) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s004210050341 · Cited by 59
Invited Review: Microgravity and the lung
Prisk, G. K. (2000) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.89.1.385 · Cited by 57
Urinary calcium excretion, sodium intake and blood pressure in a multi-ethnic population: results of the Wandsworth Heart and Stroke Study
Blackwood, A., Sagnella, G. A., Cook, D. G., & Cappuccio, F. P. (2001) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1001171 · Cited by 56
Edema of pregnancy: a comparison of water aerobics and static immersion
Kent, T. (1999) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(99)00414-7 · Cited by 52
Difference in the Cardiovascular Response to Prolonged Sitting in Men and Women
Gotshall, R. W., Aten, L. A., & Yumikura, S. (1994) · Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1139/h94-016 · Cited by 50
Does gender influence human cardiovascular and renal responses to water immersion?
Watenpaugh, D. E., Pump, B., Bie, P., & Norsk, P. (2000) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.89.2.621 · Cited by 50
Multi-System Deconditioning in 3-Day Dry Immersion without Daily Raise
Abreu, S. D., Amirova, L. E., Murphy, R. P., Wallace, R. G., Twomey, L. C., Gauquelin‐Koch, G., Raverot, V., Larcher, F., Custaud, M., & Navasiolava, N. M. (2017) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00799 · Cited by 48
Changes in the sympathetic nervous system induced by 42 days of head-down bed rest
Sigaudo‐Roussel, D., Fortrat, J., Allevard, A. M., Maillet, A., Cottet-Émard, J. M., Vouillarmet, A., Hughson, R. L., Gauquelin‐Koch, G., & Gharib, C. (1998) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1998.274.6.h1875 · Cited by 47
Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Consult Series #50: The role of activity restriction in obstetric management
Lauder, J., Sciscione, A., Biggio, J., & Osmundson, S. (2020) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.031 · Cited by 57
Drowning and near‐drowning
Moon, R. E., & Long, R. J. (2002) · Emergency Medicine Australasia · doi:10.1046/j.1442-2026.2002.00379.x · Cited by 46
Balneotherapy and hydrotherapy in chronic respiratory disease
Khaltaev, N., Solimene, U., Vitale, F. M., & Zanasi, A. (2020) · Journal of Thoracic Disease · doi:10.21037/jtd-gard-2019-009 · Cited by 44
The Relation Between No-Reflow Phenomenon and Complete Blood Count Parameters
Celık, T., Balta, Ş., Mikhailidis, D. P., Öztürk, C., Aydın, İ., Tok, D., Yıldırım, A. O., Demır, M., & Iyısoy, A. (2016) · Angiology · doi:10.1177/0003319716659193 · Cited by 40
Rehabilitation of the patient with chronic critical illness
Thomas, D. C., Kreizman, I. J., Melchiorre, P. J., & Ragnarsson, K. T. (2002) · Critical Care Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0749-0704(02)00011-8 · Cited by 40
Fluid conservation in athletes: responses to water intake, supine posture, and immersion
Claybaugh, J. R., Pendergast, D. R., DAVIS, J. E., Akiba, C., Pazik, M., & Hong, S. K. (1986) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1986.61.1.7 · Cited by 39
Hyperbaria: Breath‐hold Diving
Lin, Y., & Hong, S. K. (1996) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp040242 · Cited by 39
Effects of water temperature on pulmonary volumes in immersed human subjects
Choukroun, M. L., Kays, C., & Varène, P. (1989) · Respiration Physiology · doi:10.1016/0034-5687(89)90036-4 · Cited by 38
Cancer rehabilitation into the future
Gerber, L. H. (2001) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/1097-0142(20010815)92:4+ · Cited by 50
Comparison of a 4-day confinement and head-down tilt on endocrine response and cardiovascular variability in humans
Sigaudo‐Roussel, D., Fortrat, J., Maillet, A., Allevard, A. M., Traon, A. P., Hughson, R. L., Güell, A., Gharib, C., & Gauquelin‐Koch, G. (1996) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00262806 · Cited by 37
Water exercise in pregnancy
Katz, V. L. (1996) · Seminars in Perinatology · doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(96)80021-8 · Cited by 36
Effects of microgravity on bone and calcium homeostasis
Zérath, E. (1998) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/s0273-1177(98)00026-x · Cited by 34
Effectiveness and safety of a structured swimming program in previously sedentary women during pregnancy
Lynch, A., McDonald, S., Magann, E. F., Evans, S. F., Choy, P. L., Dawson, B., BLANKSBY, B. A., & Newnham, J. P. (2003) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/713606615 · Cited by 35
Chronic fatigue syndrome
Wright, J. B., & Beverley, D. W. (1998) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.79.4.368 · Cited by 34
Simulated micro-gravity and cortical inhibition: a study of the hemodynamic-brain interaction
Vaitl, D., Gruppe, H., Stark, R. M., & Pössel, P. (1996) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/0301-0511(95)05148-1 · Cited by 34
Treatment of Leg and Foot Edema in Women
Watanabe, Y., Koshiyama, M., & Yanagisawa, N. (2017) · Women s Health - Open Journal · doi:10.17140/whoj-3-124 · Cited by 32
Effect of posture on arterial baroreflex control of heart rate in humans
Harrison, M. H., Rittenhouse, D., & GREENLEAF, J. E. (1986) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00422735 · Cited by 32
Self-citation
The Lung in Space
Prisk, G. K. (2005) · Clinics in Chest Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2005.05.008 · Cited by 31
Functional changes in autonomic nervous system and baroreceptor reflex induced by 14�days of 6� head-down bed rest
Hirayanagi, K., Iwase, S., Kamiya, A., Sasaki, T., Mano, T., & Yajima, K. (2004) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-004-1067-8 · Cited by 29
Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System
Palma, J., Norcliffe‐Kaufmann, L., Fuente‐Mora, C., Percival, L., Spalink, C. L., & Kaufmann, H. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-37101-8.00154-5 · Cited by 29
Autonomic nervous activity and stress hormones induced by hyperbaric saturation diving.
Hirayanagi, K., Nakabayashi, K., OKONOGI, K., & Ohiwa, H. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 28
Fluid and Electrolyte Regulation in Space
Gharib, C., & Hughson, R. L. (1992) · Advances in space biology and medicine · doi:10.1016/s1569-2574(08)60019-2 · Cited by 28
The influence of weightlessness on pharmacokinetics
Gandia, P., Saivin, S., & Houin, G. (2005) · Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1472-8206.2005.00374.x · Cited by 26
Effects of head-down tilt on the intracranial pressure in conscious rabbits
Tatebayashi, K., Asai, Y., Maeda, T., Shiraishi, Y., Miyoshi, M., & Kawai, Y. (2003) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02723-9 · Cited by 26
A bone fluid flow hypothesis for muscle pump-driven capillary filtration: ii proposed role for exercise in erodible scaffold implant incorporation
Winet, H. (2003) · doi:10.22203/ecm.v006a01 · Cited by 26
Influence of immersion on respiratory requirements during30-min cycling exercise
Bréchat, P.-H., Wolf, J.-P., Simon-Rigaud, M., Bréchat, N., Kantelip, J.-P., Berthelay, S., & Regnard, J. (1999) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1034/j.1399-3003.1999.13d28.x · Cited by 26
Thermoregulatory responses to exercise and warm water immersion in physically trained men with tetraplegia
Gass, E., Gass, G. C., & Pitetti, K. H. (2002) · Spinal Cord · doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101341 · Cited by 24
Nutrition, endocrinology, and body composition during space flight
Lane, H. W., Gretebeck, R. J., & Smith, S. M. (1998) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/s0271-5317(98)00162-6 · Cited by 24
Early fluid and protein shifts in men during water immersion
Hinghofer-Szalkay, H. G., Harrison, M. H., & GREENLEAF, J. E. (1987) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00424809 · Cited by 24
Self-citation
SYNCOPE
Kaufmann, H. (1997) · Cardiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8651(05)70329-5 · Cited by 22
Effect of hydration on some orthostatic and haematological responses to head-up tilt
Harrison, M. H., Hill, L. C., Spaul, W. A., & GREENLEAF, J. E. (1986) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00715003 · Cited by 22
Self-citation
Attenuated thermoregulatory sweating and cutaneous vasodilation after 14-day bed rest in humans
Michikami, D., Kamiya, A., Fu, Q., Iwase, S., Mano, T., & Sunagawa, K. (2004) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00025.2003 · Cited by 22
Exercise versus immersion: antagonistic effects on water and electrolyte metabolism during swimming
B�ning, D., Mrugalla, M., Maassen, N., Busse, M. W., & Wagner, T. (1988) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00640671 · Cited by 22
Extracellular vesicle distribution and localization in skeletal muscle at rest and following disuse atrophy
Ismaeel, A., Pelt, D. W. V., Hettinger, Z. R., Fu, X., Richards, C. I., Butterfield, T. A., Petrocelli, J. J., Vechetti, I. J., Confides, A. L., Drummond, M. J., et al. (2023) · Skeletal Muscle · doi:10.1186/s13395-023-00315-1 · Cited by 23
Cardiovascular re-adjustments and baroreflex response during clinical reambulation procedure at the end of 35-day bed rest in humans
Adami, A., Pizzinelli, P., Bringard, A., Capelli, C., Malacarne, M., Lucini, D., Šimunič, B., Pišot, R., & Ferretti, G. (2013) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2012-0396 · Cited by 21
Psychomotor performance during a 28 day head-down tilt with and without lower body negative pressure
Traon, A. P., de Feneyrols, A. R., Cornac, A., Abdeseelam, R., N'uygen, D., Lazerges, M., Güell, A., & Bès, A. (1994) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/0094-5765(94)90083-3 · Cited by 21
Direct and indirect methods for determining plasma volume during thermoneutral and cold-water immersion
Gordon, C. J., Fogarty, A. L., GREENLEAF, J. E., Taylor, N. A. S., & Stocks, J. M. (2003) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-003-0823-5 · Cited by 21
Self-citation
Renal and cardiovascular responses to water immersion in trained runners and swimmers
Convertino, V. A., Tatro, D. L., & Rogan, R. B. (1993) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00241646 · Cited by 21
Management advice for children with chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic study of information from the internet
Wright, B., Williams, C. L., & Partridge, I. (1999) · Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0790966700005218 · Cited by 21
Mechanisms of Increased Intracranial Pressure in Rabbits Exposed to Head-Down Tilt.
DOI, M., & KAWAI, Y. (1998) · The Japanese Journal of Physiology · doi:10.2170/jjphysiol.48.63 · Cited by 20
Hydrotherapy: Detrimental or beneficial to the respiratory system?
Anstey, K. H., & Roskell, C. (2000) · Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/s0031-9406(05)61320-x · Cited by 20
Diurnal variations in central venous pressure
Engel, B. T., & Talan, M. I. (1991) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1991.tb09077.x · Cited by 20
Rats exhibit aldosterone‐dependent sodium appetite during 24 h hindlimb unloading
Sullivan, M. J., Hasser, E. M., Moffitt, J. A., Bruno, S. B., & Cunningham, J. T. (2004) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2004.062265 · Cited by 19
Blood volume regulating hormones response during two space related simulation protocols: Four-week confinement and head-down bed-rest
Maillet, A., Gauquelin‐Koch, G., Gunga, H.-C., Fortrat, J., Kirsch, K., Güell, A., Bizollon, C. A., & Gharib, C. (1995) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/0094-5765(95)00001-g · Cited by 19
Effects of exercise detraining and deacclimation to the heat on plasma volume dynamics
Pivarnik, J. M., & Senay, L. C. (1986) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00715009 · Cited by 19
Autonomic cardiovascular changes during and after 14 days of head-down bed rest
Hirayanagi, K., Kamiya, A., Iwase, S., Mano, T., Sasaki, T., 老沼, み., & Yajima, K. (2004) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2004.01.001 · Cited by 18
Antioxidant Supplementation Does Not Affect Bone Turnover Markers During 60 Days of 6° Head-Down Tilt Bed Rest: Results from an Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial
Austermann, K., Baecker, N., Zwart, S. R., Fimmers, R., Frippiat, J., Stehle, P., Smith, S. M., & Heer, M. A. (2021) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxab036 · Cited by 19
The effect of immersion on haemodynamic and fetal measures in uncomplicated pregnancies of nulliparous women
Kwee, A., Graziosi, G. C. M., van Leeuwen, J. H. S., van Venrooy, F. V., Bennink, D., Mol, B. W., Cohlen, B. J., & Visser, G. H. A. (2000) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb13310.x · Cited by 17
The psychophysical and heart rate relationship between treadmill and deep-water running
HAMER, P. W., & Slocombe, B. (1997) · Australian Journal of Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/s0004-9514(14)60415-3 · Cited by 17
Physical Activity and Quality of Life in the Frail Elderly
Spirduso, W. W., & MacRae, P. G. (1991) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-101275-5.50015-6 · Cited by 17
Metabolic and Endocrine Changes
Vernikos-Danellis, J. (1986) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-618510-2.50009-9 · Cited by 16
Body Fluid Changes, Cardiovascular Deconditioning and Metabolic Impairment Are Reversed 24 Hours after a 5-Day Dry Immersion
Coupé, M., Tomilovskaya, E., Larcher, F., Diquet, B., Pastushkova, L. K., Kozlovskaya, I. B., Larina, I. M., Gauquelin‐Koch, G., KULCHITSKY, V. A., Custaud, M., et al. (2013) · Open Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.4236/ojneph.2013.31004 · Cited by 15
Effect of Plantar Micromechanical Stimulation on Cardiovascular Responses to Immobility
Madhavan, G., Stewart, J. M., & McLeod, K. J. (2005) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/01.phm.0000159970.81072.8b · Cited by 15
NT-ProBNP levels, water and sodium homeostasis in healthy men: effects of 7 days of dry immersion
Navasiolava, N. M., Pajot, A., Gallois, Y., Pastushkova, L. K., KULCHITSKY, V. A., Gauquelin‐Koch, G., Kozlovskaya, I. B., Heer, M. A., Hand, O., Larina, I. M., et al. (2011) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-011-1858-7 · Cited by 14
Physiology of cardiovascular, respiratory, interstitial, endocrine, immune, and muscular systems
Hinghofer-Szalkay, H. G. (1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-61099-8_2 · Cited by 15
Patients' choice of portable folding chairs to reduce symptoms of orthostatic hypotension
Smit, A. A. J., Wieling, W., Opfer‐Gehrking, T. L., van Emmerik-Levelt, H. M., & Low, P. A. (1999) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/bf02318381 · Cited by 14
Preanalytical Variables and Biological Variation
Young, D. S. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-6164-9.00006-8 · Cited by 14
Subjective assessment of backrest elevation: Magnitude of error
Peterlini, M. A. S., Rocha, P. K., Kusahara, D. M., & Pedreira, M. D. L. G. (2006) · Heart & Lung · doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2006.05.003 · Cited by 13
Comparison of Water Turnover Rates in Young Swimmers in Training and Age-Matched Non-Training Individuals
Leiper, J. B., & Maughan, R. (2004) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.14.3.347 · Cited by 13
Observations in energy and macronutrient intake during prolonged bed-rest in a head-down tilt position
Ritz, P., Maillet, A., Blanc, S., & Stubbs, R. J. (1999) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0261-5614(99)80071-5 · Cited by 12
Spinal bone mineral density changes following halo vest immobilization for cervical trauma
KOROVESSIS, P. G., Konstantinou, D., Piperos, G., Partheni, M., Tzorztidis, F., & Papadakis, N. (1994) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/bf02221593 · Cited by 12
Determining blood and plasma volumes using bioelectrical response spectroscopy
Siconolfi, S. F., Nusynowitz, M. L., Suire, S. S., Moore, A., & LEIG, J. (1996) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199612000-00011 · Cited by 11
Interventions to Prevent Falls Among Older Adults
Rubenstein, L. Z., Stevens, J. A., & Scott, V. J. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-29457-5_3 · Cited by 11
Management of chronic fatigue syndrome in children
Wright, B., Partridge, I., & Williams, C. L. (2000) · Advances in Psychiatric Treatment · doi:10.1192/apt.6.2.145 · Cited by 11
Plasma vasopressin, neurophysin, renin and aldosterone during a 4-day head-down bed rest with and without exercise
Annat, G. J., Güell, A., Gauquelin‐Koch, G., Vincent, M., Mayet, M. H., Bizollon, C. A., Legros, J.-J., Portier, J. M., & Gharib, C. (1986) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00422894 · Cited by 11
Water Immersion to Reduce Peripheral Edema in Pregnancy
Irion, J. M., & Irion, G. L. (2011) · Journal of Womenʼs Health Physical Therapy · doi:10.1097/jwh.0b013e318225f18a · Cited by 10

Authors: Greenleaf, J. E.
Affiliations: Ames Research Center (US)
Corresponding author: Greenleaf, J. E.
Venue: Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 1984-09-01
Volume: 57
Issue: 3
Pages: 619-633
ISSN: 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
8750-7587
1522-1601
DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1984.57.3.619
OpenAlex: W1937610498
Cited by: 184
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 4.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Spaceflight effects on biology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Syncope and Autonomic Disorders
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Space Exploration and Technology
Keywords: prolonged bed rest, microgravity, hydrostatic pressure, muscle atrophy, bone mineral loss, fluid and electrolyte balance, blood pressure regulation, drug metabolism, immune function, carbohydrate metabolism, calcium metabolism, bone integrity
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Physiological, Bed Rest, Blood Pressure, Body Composition, Body Fluid Compartments, Bone and Bones, Calcium, Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Diuresis, Energy Metabolism, Physical Exertion, Humans, Hydrostatic Pressure, Immersion, Kidney, Muscles, Natriuresis, Phosphorus, Posture, Respiration, Stress, Mechanical, Water-Electrolyte Balance, Weightlessness

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Physiological responses to prolonged bed rest and fluid immersion in humans

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks