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Cited by 66Thermoregulation and physiological responsesSports Performance and TrainingCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Body mass changes and voluntary fluid intakes of elite level water polo players and swimmers

Cox, GR, Broad, EM, Riley, MD, Burke, LM·2002·Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
DOI 10.1016/s1440-2440(02)80003-2
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Abstract

Calculated sweat rates (measured by body mass changes) and voluntary fluid intakes were monitored in elite level water polo players and swimmers during normal exercise sessions to determine fluid requirements to maintain fluid balance, and the degree of fluid replacement of these athletes. Data were collected from training and competition sessions for male water polo players (n = 23) and training sessions only for swimmers (n = 20 females; n = 21 males). The calculated average sweat rate and fluid intake rate during training sessions for male water polo players was 287 ml/h and 142 ml/h, respectively, with a rate of 786 ml/h and 380 ml/h during matches. During training sessions for male swimmers, the calculated average sweat rate and fluid intake rate per kilometre was 138 ml/km and 155 ml/km, respectively; and for female swimmers, 107 ml/km and 95 ml/km. There was a wide individual variation in fluid intake and sweat loss of both water polo players and swimmers. Dehydration experienced by athletes in this study was less than typically reported for "land-based" athletes. Errors inherent in the technique used in this study are acknowledged and may be significant in the calculation of reported sweat losses and levels of fluid balance in aquatic athletes.

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Crossref · 10.1016/s1440-2440(02)80003-2

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  • Sweat rates in swimmers are lower than that of athletes on land and range from 0.33 to 1.6 l/h, depending on workout intensity and water temperature.

    “The sweat rates in swimmers is lower than that of athletes on land and has been shown to range from 0.33 to 1.6 l/h, depending on the workout intensity and water temperature.70–72”

    From Wearable sensors for monitoring the physiological and biochemical profile of the athlete (2019) · cites this paper as [70]

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Authors
Cox, G., Broad, E., Riley, M., & Burke, L.
Venue
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2002-09
Volume
5
Issue
3
Pages
183-193
ISSN
1440-2440 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s1440-2440(02)80003-2
OpenAlex
W2085471947
Cited by
66
References
21
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
FWCI
0.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of science and medicine in sport (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
sweat rate, fluid intake, fluid balance, dehydration, water polo, swimming, aquatic athletes, elite athletes, weight change, interindividual variability, fluid replacement
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Drinking Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Sports, Sweating, Swimming

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