Impaired muscle glycogen resynthesis after eccentric exercise
Abstract
Eight men performed 10 sets of 10 eccentric contractions of the knee extensor muscles with one leg [eccentrically exercised leg (EL)]. The weight used for this exercise was 120% of the maximal extension strength. After 30 min of rest the subjects performed two-legged cycling [concentrically exercised leg (CL)] at 74% of maximal O2 uptake for 1 h. In the 3 days after this exercise four subjects consumed diets containing 4.25 g CHO/kg body wt, and the remainder were fed 8.5 g CHO/kg. All subjects experienced severe muscle soreness and edema in the quadriceps muscles of the eccentrically exercised leg. Mean (+/- SE) resting serum creatine kinase increased from a preexercise level of 57 +/- 3 to 6,988 +/- 1,913 U/l on the 3rd day of recovery. The glycogen content (mmol/kg dry wt) in the vastus lateralis of CL muscles averaged 90, 395, and 592 mmol/kg dry wt at 0, 24, and 72 h of recovery. The EL muscle, on the other hand, averaged 168, 329, and 435 mmol/kg dry wt at these same intervals. Subjects receiving 8.5 g CHO/kg stored significantly more glycogen than those who were fed 4.3 g CHO/kg. In both groups, however, significantly less glycogen was stored in the EL than in the CL.
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Isolated eccentric exercise or exhaustive running is associated with reduced rates of muscle glycogen restoration during 24 and 72 h of postexercise recovery.
“isolated eccentric exercise (29) or exhaustive running (14) was associated with reduced rates of muscle glycogen restoration during 24 and 72 h of post-exercise recovery”
From Postexercise muscle glycogen resynthesis in humans. (2017) · cites this paper as [29]
Glycogen synthesis in damaged muscles might be partially overcome by increased CHO intake during the first 24 h after exercise.
“glycogen synthesis in damaged muscles might be partially overcome by increased amounts of CHO intake during the first 24 h after exercise (29).”
From Postexercise muscle glycogen resynthesis in humans. (2017) · cites this paper as [29]
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“Importantly, EIMD occurrence has been linked to impaired muscle gluconeogenesis (Costill et al., 1990) and is known to associate with reduced muscle power generation, as denoted by common markers of muscle function such as reduced intermittent sprint performance (Twist and Eston, 2005), squat jump performance (Byrne a…”
BackgroundDecreased insulin action on muscle glucose transport after eccentric contractions in rats
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“These findings could suggest that the subnormal muscle glycogen concentrations found for several days after eccentric contractions (5, 6, 9, 11, 20, 28) are the result of both decreased insulin action on glucose transport secondary to decreased muscle GLUT-4 protein content and increased glycogen degradation.”
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Evans, W. J. (1991) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition · doi:10.1123/ijsn.1.3.214 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Blood Biomarkers in Sports Medicine and Performance and the Future of Metabolomics
San-Millán, I. (2019) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9236-2_26 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
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“Numerous investigators have reported a reduction in muscle glycogen after eccentric muscle contractions (9, 19, 25, 28, 31), suggesting that muscle damage results in delayed glycogen resynthesis.”
BackgroundHargreaves, M. (1991) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640419108729864 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Effect of diet on performance during recovery from intermittent sprint exercise
Nevill, M. E., Williams, C., Roper, D., Slater, C., & Nevill, A. M. (1993) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640419308729975 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Daily Changes of Resting Metabolic Rate in Elite Rugby Union Players
HUDSON, J. F., Cole, M., Morton, J. P., et al. (2019) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002169 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Achieving an Optimal Fat Loss Phase in Resistance-Trained Athletes: A Narrative Review
Ruiz-Castellano, C., Espinar, S., Contreras, C., Ordóñez, F. M., Aragon, A. A., & Sanz, J. M. M. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13093255 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
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MethodNutrition and Exercise Determinants of Postexercise Glycogen Synthesis
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Self-citationCarbohydrate Ingestion/Supplementation for Resistance Exercise and Training
Conley, M. S., & Stone, M. H. (1996) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-199621010-00002 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
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“Although this may be partly the consequence of an increased relative exercise intensity due to the elevated Oc, this change in substrate utilization may also be due to the presence of inflammatory cells that stimulate glucose oxidation and also reduce the maximal work capacity of the muscle(s) (40).”
BackgroundImpaired substrate oxidation in healthy elderly men after eccentric exercise
Krishnan, R. K., Evans, W. J., & Kirwan, J. P. (2003) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00746.2002 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“In fact, several investigators have shown that eccentric exercise causes impaired glycogen synthesis (7, 10, 27) that is restored by increasing carbohydrate intake during the postexercise period (7).”
BackgroundKawczyński, A., Samani, A., Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, C., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e318234e589 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Initial bout of eccentric exercise (ECC) causes an increase in blood indicators, muscle soreness, reduction in muscle strength and range of motion, inflammation and swelling (9,12).”
Muscle Glycogenolysis and Resynthesis in Response to a Half Ironman Triathlon: A Case Study
Gillum, T., Dumke, C. L., & Ruby, B. C. (2006) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.1.4.408 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
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“To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that has directly compared the symptoms of EIMD between aquatic, sand and firm surface conditions.”
BackgroundInfluentialNutrition and Supplements for Elite Open-Weight Rowing
Boegman, S., & Dziedzic, C. E. (2016) · Current Sports Medicine Reports · doi:10.1249/jsr.0000000000000281 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“) but also there are physiological consequences, such as compromised glycogen resynthesis due to limited time between sessions (57) and resistance training-related skeletal muscle damage (21).”
BackgroundRepeated muscle glycogen supercompensation with four days’ recovery between exhaustive exercise
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L-Arginine Ingestion after Rest and Exercise: Effects on Glucose Disposal
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Requirements of Energy, Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats for Athletes
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“Acute eccentric contraction could temporally impair wholebody insulin action due to muscle damage (Asp et al. 1997; Costill et al. 1990).”
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Effects of Downhill Running on the Responses to an Oral Glucose Challenge
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Whey protein supplementation does not accelerate recovery from a single bout of eccentric exercise
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Carbohydrate strategies for injury prevention.
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Optimization of Glycogen Stores
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“It has previously been shown that glycogen synthesis and content after acute eccentric exercise is diminished compared with concentric exercise (Costill et al., 1990; Widrick et al., 1992), although this is not a universal finding (Komi & Viitasalo, 1977).”
BackgroundVigh-Larsen, J. F., Junge, N., Cialdella-Kam, L. A., Tomás, R., Young, L. T., Krustrup, P., Mohr, M., & Nybo, L. (2024) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003442 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
- Authors
- Costill, D. L., Pascoe, D. D., Fink, W. J., Robergs, R. A., Barr, S. I., & Pearson, D.
- Affiliations
- Ball State University (US)
- ORCID
- Robergs, R. A.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1990-07-01
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 46-50
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2097845617
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Faculty of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- muscle glycogen resynthesis, eccentric exercise, post-exercise recovery, carbohydrate intake, creatine kinase, delayed onset muscle soreness, muscle edema, vastus lateralis, knee extensors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Dietary Carbohydrates, Glycogen, Humans, Male, Muscle Contraction, Muscles, Time Factors, Exercise
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