ARDS-like lung injury produced by endotoxin in platelet-activating factor-primed rats
Abstract
We recently reported that the combined administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and platelet-activating factor (PAF) in rats, at doses that are completely devoid of any effect when given alone, caused lung injury characterized by neutrophil adhesion to lung capillaries and postcapillary venules, neutrophil accumulation in the lung parenchyma, platelet-fibrin deposits in postcapillary venules, and pulmonary edema. A marked increase in lung myeloperoxidase activity and an elevation of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha and thromboxane B2, along with leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, were also noticed. The present study aimed to examine whether repeated LPS-PAF stimulus can cause progressive lung injury reminiscent of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A second LPS-PAF challenge, 4 h (n = 11) after the original challenge, induced mortality (69% at 24 h, P < 0.01) and some of the pathological changes seen in clinical ARDS, including severe pulmonary edema, alveolar proteinaceous exudates, monocytic infiltration, and a further increase in lung myeloperoxidase activity (700%, P < 0.01). Repeated LPS-PAF dosing also resulted in sustained increased serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels (1,610 +/- 470 pg/ml, P < 0.01) and further exacerbation of the leukopenia (-68 +/- 6%, P < 0.01) and thrombocytopenia (-65 +/- 8%, P < 0.01). These data suggest that repeated LPS-PAF actions are sufficient to elicit pathophysiology of ARDS-like lung injury.
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Although no patients developed organ failure, the data suggests that these patients' PMNs levels increased early following CPB, and therefore according to the two-hit model of MOF, were rendered vulnerable to end-organ dysfunction from such insults as post-operative bleeding or infection.
“Although in the present study no patients developed organ failure, the data suggests that these patients’ PMNs levels increased early following CPB, and therefore according to the two-hit model of MOF [10,39], were rendered vulnerable to end-organ dysfunction from such insults as post-operative bleeding or infection.”
From Oral neutrophils are an independent marker of the systemic inflammatory response after cardiac bypass (2014) · cites this paper as [39]
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- Authors
- Rabinovici, R., Bugelski, P. J., Esser, K. M., Hillegass, L. M., Vernick, J., & Feuerstein, G.
- Affiliations
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia 19107.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1993-04-01
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1791-1802
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2343921444
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2023: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- acute respiratory distress syndrome, lipopolysaccharide, platelet-activating factor, endotoxin, lung injury, neutrophil adhesion, pulmonary edema, myeloperoxidase, TNF-α, thromboxane B2, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Endotoxins, Hemodynamics, Lipopolysaccharides, Lung, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Platelet Activating Factor, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Thromboxane B2, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats, Lung Injury
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