Differential response of macrophage subpopulations to soleus muscle reloading after rat hindlimb suspension
Abstract
The hypothesis that distinct populations of macrophages are associated with muscle necrosis and regeneration was examined in Wistar rat soleus muscle after 10 days of hindlimb suspension and 2, 4, and 7 days after the resumption of weight bearing. Necrosis was identified using histological features, such as muscle fiber infiltration, and regeneration was identified using immunohistochemical techniques for developmental myosin heavy chain (dMHC). Light-microscopic observations show that necrotic fibers in 2-day reloaded soleus muscle were invaded by ED1+ and Ia+ macrophages. The number of invaded fibers in muscles reloaded for 2 days increased to 2.8/mm2 compared with 0.2/mm2 in age-matched normal muscle but returned to control values by the 4th day of resumed weight bearing. In the interstitial spaces of 2-day recovery muscle, ED1+ and Ia+ macrophages numbered 369 and 332/mm2, respectively, compared with 12 and 72/mm2, respectively, in control soleus. After 7 days of reloading, the number of ED1+ cells was similar to that of control. Ia+ macrophages decreased to 240/mm2 at 4 days but after 7 days rose above control values to 429/mm2. ED2+ macrophages in 4- and 7-day reloaded soleus increased 70-80% in the interstitial spaces compared with control but were not observed to infiltrate necrotic muscle fibers at any time points. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblots using a monoclonal anti-dMHC antibody demonstrate a greater proportion of myofibers expressing dMHC isoforms after 4…
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After the initial pro-inflammatory phase, a switch to an M2 phenotype and resolution of inflammation occurs with the initial differentiation of muscle satellite cells.
“Following the initial pro-inflammatory phase, a switch to an M2 macrophage phenotype and resolution of the inflammatory response has been shown to occur with the initial stages of differentiation of muscle satellite cells into differentiated skeletal muscle cells [123].”
From Macrophage polarization: an opportunity for improved outcomes in biomaterials and regenerative medicine (2012) · cites this paper as [123]
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“Reloading for 24 h by return to normal ambulation has been shown previously to produce muscle inflammation, fibre injury and membrane lesions in soleus muscle fibres (Krippendorf & Riley, 1993, 1994; St Pierre & Tidball, 1994; Kasper, 1995; Tidball et al. 1999a).”
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“Reloading for 24 h by returning to normal ambulation produces muscle inflammation, fibre injury and membrane lesions in soleus muscle fibres (Krippendorf & Riley, 1993; St Pierre & Tidball, 1994; Kasper, 1995; Tidball et al. 1999).”
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“4) is similar to that reported previously [7] in that peak invasion occurred at 2 days of reloading following hindlimb suspension.”
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BackgroundMorphological changes in rat hindlimb muscle fibres during recovery from disuse atrophy.
Itai, Y., Kariya, Y., & Hoshino, Y. (2004) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1365-201x.2004.01271.x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Part III • Chapter 8 – Acute phase immune responses in exercise
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Inflammation during post-injury skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Diaphragm injury in individuals with airflow obstruction.
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The role of inflammation modulation in dental pulp regeneration.
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Ultrasound Modulates the Inflammatory Response and Promotes Muscle Regeneration in Injured Muscles
Nagata, K., Nakamura, T., Fujihara, S., & Tanaka, E. (2013) · Annals of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10439-013-0757-y · Cited by 56 · see citing works
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“Fatigue among women after bed rest could be due to musculoskeletal and cardiovascular deconditioning, postpartum sleep interruptions, depression, or a combination of these factors (Affonso, Lovett, Paul, & Sheptak, 1990; Gard- March/April 2005 JOGNN 167 TABLE 2 Mean Number of Postpartum Symptoms Reported by 106 Women…”
InfluentialThe Impact of Immune Cells on the Skeletal Muscle Microenvironment During Cancer Cachexia
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“to M2 populations that normally induces the change from the proliferative stage to the differentiation phase of muscle regeneration during the period of days 2 and 4 after injury (6, 33).”
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“Muscle reloading after atrophy has been shown to be associated with early damage and a transient inflammatory response (Oishi et al., 2008; St Pierre and Tidball, 1994; Tidball and Wehling-Henricks, 2007) and this inflammatory response seems critical for full recovery as a decrease in macrophages…”
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Stem Cell Transplantation for Muscular Dystrophy: The Challenge of Immune Response
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The Myotendinous Junction—A Vulnerable Companion in Sports. A Narrative Review
Jakobsen, J., & Krogsgaard, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.635561 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Nitric oxide synthase inhibition reduces muscle inflammation and necrosis in modified muscle use
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“Previous investigations have shown that this technique of modifying muscle loading results in significant muscle inflammation and necrosis [1, 2, 6, 37].”
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Transcriptional reprogramming during reloading of atrophied rat soleus muscle
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Inactivity: Symptoms Associated With Gastrocnemius Muscle Disuse During Pregnancy
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Activity‐induced fiber regeneration in rat soleus muscle
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- Authors
- St Pierre, B. A., & Tidball, J. G.
- Affiliations
- School of Nursing, Department of Physiological Science, University of California, Los Angeles 90024–1527.
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- ORCID
- Tidball, J. G.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1994-07-01
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 290-297
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W1806632103
- Cited by
- 251
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 1.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ar040343-12, 1f31nr006503-01)
- National Institute of Nursing Research (NR 06503)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR-40343)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Spaceflight effects on biology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling
- Keywords
- macrophage subpopulations, soleus muscle, hindlimb unloading, muscle unloading, muscle reloading, muscle necrosis, muscle regeneration, ED1 macrophages, weight-bearing recovery
- MeSH terms
- Acid Phosphatase, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Body Weight, Female, Hindlimb, Immunohistochemistry, Macrophages, Organ Size, Immunoblotting, Myosin Subfragments, Rats, Wistar, Gravity, Altered, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Rats
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