Cited by 74Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated ReceptorsAdipose Tissue and MetabolismMuscle Physiology and Disorders

An aPPARent functional consequence in skeletal muscle physiology via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors

Open access
Phua, Wendy Wen Ting, Wong, Melissa Xin Yu, Liao, Zehuan, Tan, Nguan Soon·2018·International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Abstract

Skeletal muscle comprises 30–40% of the total body mass and plays a central role in energy homeostasis in the body. The deregulation of energy homeostasis is a common underlying characteristic of metabolic syndrome. Over the past decades, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been shown to play critical regulatory roles in skeletal muscle. The three family members of PPAR have overlapping roles that contribute to the myriad of processes in skeletal muscle. This review aims to provide an overview of the functions of different PPAR members in energy homeostasis as well as during skeletal muscle metabolic disorders, with a particular focus on human and relevant mouse model studies.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/ijms19051425

Cites

220 of 220 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Fibrates increase lipoprotein lipase activity, leading to decreased cholesterol levels, which affects membrane fluidity and causes dysfunction of the Na/K pump, degeneration of membranous organelles, and irreversible cell damage.

    “Phua et al. (2018) found that fibrates increase lipoprotein lipase activity, which led to decreased cholesterol levels. This affected membrane fluidity and caused dysfunction of the Na/K pump with degeneration of the membranous organelles and irreversible cell damage.”

    From Can coenzyme Q10 alleviate the toxic effect of fenofibrate on skeletal muscle? (2023) · cites this paper as Phua et al. 2018

    Section 6.2 says fibrates are used to treat hyperlipidemia and that fenofibrate improves lipid profiles; Section 4.1 describes lipoprotein lipase’s role in lipid uptake. Neither section says fibrates increase lipoprotein lipase activity or establishes the claimed chain from decreased cholesterol to Na/K pump dysfunction, organelle degeneration, and irreversible cell damage. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Induced activity of PPAR-α by FEN may lead to increased peroxisomal β-oxidation and consequent oxidative stress injury and damage of muscle tissue.

    “It was reported that induced activity of PPAR-α by FEN may lead to increased peroxisomal β-oxidation and consequent oxidative stress injury and damage of muscle tissue”

    From Can coenzyme Q10 alleviate the toxic effect of fenofibrate on skeletal muscle? (2023) · cites this paper as Phua et al. 2018

    Section 1 identifies fenofibrate as a fibrate with predominant PPARα activity that induces lipid oxidation. Section 9 says increased oxidative stress and tissue damage may be associated with PPARα-induced activity, but describes the mechanism as unclear; it does not identify increased peroxisomal β-oxidation as the intervening mechanism. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Thiazolidinediones can reduce plasma free fatty acid and intramyocellular lipid content to increase insulin sensitivity and redistribute fats from visceral to subcutaneous adipose to alleviate diabetes.

    “Meanwhile, they can reduce plasma free fatty acid and intramyocellular lipid content to increase insulin sensitivity and redistribute fats from visceral to subcutaneous adipose to alleviate diabetes.”
  • Thiazolidinediones can promote insulin sensitivity, increase glucose metabolism, and preserve β-cell function through activating PPAR-γ.

    “Also, thiazolidinediones can promote insulin sensitivity, increase glucose metabolism, and preserve the β-cell function through activating PPAR-γ (185, 186).”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [125]Jones P.H. Chapter 26—fibrates A2—Ballantyne, christie m Clinical Lipidology W.B. Saunders Philadelphia, PA, USA 2009 315 325

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Phua, W. W. T., Wong, M. X. Y., Liao, Z., & Tan, N. S.
Affiliations
  • Nanyang Technological University (SG)
  • Agency for Science, Technology and Research (SG)
Corresponding author
Tan, Nguan Soon
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2018-05-10
Volume
19
Issue
5
Pages
1425
ISSN
1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2802369867
Cited by
72
References
219
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6
FWCI
0.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
Ministry of Education - Singapore (2014-T1-002-138-04)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Keywords
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, skeletal muscle physiology, energy homeostasis, metabolic syndrome, PPARα, PPARδ, PPARγ, muscle energy metabolism
MeSH terms
Aging, Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Muscular Diseases, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Metabolic Syndrome, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors, Lipid Metabolism, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review