Creatine supplementation increases muscle total creatine but not maximal intermittent exercise performance
Abstract
This study investigated creatine supplementation (CrS) effects on muscle total creatine (TCr), creatine phosphate (CrP), and intermittent sprinting performance by using a design incorporating the time course of the initial increase and subsequent washout period of muscle TCr. Two groups of seven volunteers ingested either creatine [Cr; 6 × (5 g Cr-H 2 O + 5 g dextrose)/day)] or a placebo (6 × 5 g dextrose/day) over 5 days. Five 10-s maximal cycle ergometer sprints with rest intervals of 180, 50, 20, and 20 s and a resting vastus lateralis biopsy were conducted before and 0, 2, and 4 wk after placebo or CrS. Resting muscle TCr, CrP, and Cr were unchanged after the placebo but were increased ( P < 0.05) at 0 [by 22.9 ± 4.2, 8.9 ± 1.9, and 14.0 ± 3.3 (SE) mmol/kg dry mass, respectively] and 2 but not 4 wk after CrS. An apparent placebo main effect of increased peak power and cumulative work was found after placebo and CrS, but no treatment (CrS) main effect was found on either variable. Thus, despite the rise and washout of muscle TCr and CrP, maximal intermittent sprinting performance was unchanged by CrS.
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CrM loading or low-dose long-term intake increases muscle creatine retention typically by 20-40% depending on initial muscle creatine content.
“Prior studies indicate that CrM loading (i.e., 4 × 5 g/day for 5–7 days) or low-dose long-term intake (e.g., 3–6 g/day for 4–12 weeks) increases muscle creatine retention typically by 20–40% depending on initial creatine content in the muscle [12,22,68,69,70,71]”
From Bioavailability, Efficacy, Safety, and Regulatory Status of Creatine and Related Compounds: A Critical Review (2022) · cites this paper as [70]
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“This was comparable to most other reports, in which the CrS protocol did not include a large carbohydrate intake (2, 6, 11, 14, 16, 19, 21).”
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“Our data confirm that muscle CrP, Cr, and TCr had returned to basal levels at 4 wk post-CrS, consistent with previous studies (11, 21, 38).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMuscle composition in relation to age and sex
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- Authors
- McKenna, M. J., Morton, J., Selig, S. E., & Snow, R. J.
- Affiliations
- Victoria University (AU)
- The Alfred Hospital (AU)
- Deakin University (AU)
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1999-12-01
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2244-2252
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W1762661743
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) (submittedVersion)
- Deakin Research Online (Deakin University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Biochemical effects in animals
- Keywords
- creatine supplementation, phosphocreatine, peak power, vastus lateralis, washout period, placebo effect, D-glucose
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Creatine, Double-Blind Method, Fatigue, Female, Humans, Male, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Dietary Supplements
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