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Cited by 228High Altitude and HypoxiaCardiovascular and exercise physiologySports Performance and Training

Improved running economy in elite runners after 20 days of simulated moderate-altitude exposure

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Saunders, P. U., Telford, R. D., Pyne, D. B., Cunningham, R. B., Gore, C. J., Hahn, A. G., Hawley, J. A.·2004·Journal of Applied Physiology
DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00725.2003
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Abstract

To investigate the effect of altitude exposure on running economy (RE), 22 elite distance runners [maximal O(2) consumption (Vo(2)) 72.8 +/- 4.4 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1); training volume 128 +/- 27 km/wk], who were homogenous for maximal Vo(2) and training, were assigned to one of three groups: live high (simulated altitude of 2,000-3,100 m)-train low (LHTL; natural altitude of 600 m), live moderate-train moderate (LMTM; natural altitude of 1,500-2,000 m), or live low-train low (LLTL; natural altitude of 600 m) for a period of 20 days. RE was assessed during three submaximal treadmill runs at 14, 16, and 18 km/h before and at the completion of each intervention. Vo(2), minute ventilation (Ve), respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate, and blood lactate concentration were determined during the final 60 s of each run, whereas hemoglobin mass (Hb(mass)) was measured on a separate occasion. All testing was performed under normoxic conditions at approximately 600 m. Vo(2) (l/min) averaged across the three submaximal running speeds was 3.3% lower (P = 0.005) after LHTL compared with either LMTM or LLTL. Ve, respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate, and Hb(mass) were not significantly different after the three interventions. There was no evidence of an increase in lactate concentration after the LHTL intervention, suggesting that the lower aerobic cost of running was not attributable to an increased anaerobic energy contribution. Furthermore, the improved RE could not be explained by a decrease in Ve or by preferential use of carbohydrate as a metabolic substrate, nor was it related to any change in Hb(mass). We conclude that 20 days of LHTL at simulated altitude improved the RE of elite distance runners.

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  • The typical error of measurement associated with this system and its best practice protocols is ~2.4%, which is half of the values previously reported for criterion Douglas Bag methods or the most accurate commercial metabolic cart systems.

    “The typical error of measurement associated with this system and its best practice protocols of use is ~2.4% [48], which is half of the values previously reported for criterion Douglas Bag methods or the most accurate commercial metabolic cart systems [76].”

    From Neither beetroot juice supplementation nor increased carbohydrate oxidation enhance economy of prolonged exercise in elite race walkers (2021) · cites this paper as [48]

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Authors
Saunders, P. U., Telford, R. D., Pyne, D. B., Cunningham, R. B., Gore, C. J., Hahn, A. G., & Hawley, J. A.
Affiliations
RMIT University (AU)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Published
2004-03
Volume
96
Issue
3
Pages
931-937
ISSN
  • 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
  • 8750-7587
  • 1522-1601
DOI
10.1152/japplphysiol.00725.2003
OpenAlex
W1977945231
Cited by
228
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 12
FWCI
8.36
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) (submittedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Australian Sports Commission
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › High Altitude and Hypoxia
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords
running economy, altitude training, simulated altitude exposure, elite distance runners, live high-train low, oxygen consumption, minute ventilation, respiratory exchange ratio, blood lactate, hemoglobin mass, carbohydrate metabolism
MeSH terms
Acclimatization, Adult, Altitude, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Oxygen Consumption, Running, Time Factors, Chi-Square Distribution, Linear Models, Lactic Acid

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