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The effect of varying stimulus intensity on NMDA-receptor activity in cat visual cortex
Abstract
1. A study was made of the relative contribution of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors to the visual responses of cells in different layers of the cat visual cortex at different levels of excitatory drive (which was varied by altering the stimulus contrast). 2. Receptive fields were mapped for 121 cells in area 17 of cat cortex. Cells were characterized to determine the optimal visual stimulus, the brightness of which was then varied relative to background luminance to construct a contrast-response (C-R) curve for each cell. Curves were made during control conditions and during application of agonists (NMDA and quisqualate) and/or antagonists [(D)-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (D-APV) and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX)] to examine the excitatory amino acid components of the visual response. 3. Threshold responses were obtained with stimuli between 1/60 and 1.8 X background luminance. The cell response, measured by firing rate, was linearly related to stimulus contrast over 1-2 decades and saturated at higher contrasts. 4. Application of APV reduced the slope of the linear portion of the C-R curve for cells located in layers II and III (average reduction, 59% of control). APV did not decrease the threshold to stimulation. The "just suprathreshold" responses to stimulation were reduced by the same proportion as the saturation responses for individual cells. The principal effect was therefore to reduce the gain of the C-R curve in these layers. 5. Application of APV reduced the spontaneous activity of cells located in layers IV, V, and VI with little if any effect on the gain of the C-R curve. This suggests a tonic background level of NMDA-receptor activation in these layers, which is not directly related to the visual response. 6. Low levels of NMDA increased the gain of the C-R curve in layers II/III and V/VI. On the other hand, low levels of quisqualate increased the overall level of firing without affecting the gain of the C-R curve. NMDA did not increase the gain of the curve in layer IV. 7. These experiments show that visual stimuli that produce just suprathreshold responses activate NMDA receptors. The degree of activation is proportionally the same for small responses and large responses for an individual cell. Rather than finding a threshold for NMDA-receptor activation, a continuous range of NMDA-receptor influence was observed over the entire response range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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“The decreased slope at low contrast and decreased plateau in patients closely resembles results seen after microinfusion of an NDMA antagonist into cat LGN and visual cortex (16,17) (Figure 3A and 3B), consistent with glutamatergic theories of schizophrenia (23–25).”
From Visual perception and its impairment in schizophrenia (2008) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“The decreased slope at low contrast and decreased plateau in patients closely resembles results seen after microinfusion of an NDMA antagonist into cat LGN and visual cortex (16,17) (Figure 3A and 3B), consistent with glutamatergic theories of schizophrenia (23–25).”
From Visual perception and its impairment in schizophrenia (2008) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“Indeed, NMDA antagonists produce shallower gain at low contrast and a much lower plateau indicating decreased signal amplification (16,17) (Figure 3A).”
From Visual perception and its impairment in schizophrenia (2008) · cites this paper as [17]
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(1995) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195083309.002.0004
(1995) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195083309.002.0003
(1995) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195083309.002.0007
(1995) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195083309.002.0005
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“In addition, there are some reports that memory function is degraded in patients with NMDARE, which may due to deterioration of attention and working memory during information encoding, an early stage of memory [18,19].”
BackgroundLong-Term Potentiation as a Model
Daw, N. W. (1995) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-6940-1_11
Self-citationMichalski, A., & Kraszewski, K. (1995) · Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis · doi:10.55782/ane-1995-1064
“…lower in young cats (Bienenstock et al. 1982) and supports the A. Michalski and K. Kraszewski aforementioned observations that glutaminergic input in young kittens and adult cats differ significantly (Bode-Greuel and Singer 1989, Fox et al. 1989, 1990, Gordon et al. 1991, Reynolds and Bear 1991).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Fox, K., Sato, H., & Daw, N.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1990-11-01
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1413-1428
- ISSN
- 0022-3077 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1598
- OpenAlex
- W1248076745
- Cited by
- 185
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 3.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Eye Institute (R01EY000053, EY-00053)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS18070)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
- Keywords
- NMDA receptor, non-NMDA receptors, cat visual cortex, area 17, stimulus contrast, excitatory amino acids, D-APV, quisqualate, spontaneous activity, receptive fields, cortical layers, visual responses, excitatory drive, gain control, layer 4, layer V, layer 6, layer 2/3
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acids, Animals, Cats, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Hippocampus, Iontophoresis, Neurons, Photic Stimulation, Quinoxalines, Visual Cortex, 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Quisqualic Acid, Receptors, Neurotransmitter, Receptors, AMPA, 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione
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