Cited by 272Motor Control and AdaptationNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesMemory and Neural Mechanisms

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Both Supplementary and Presupplementary Motor Areas Are Crucial for the Temporal Organization of Multiple Movements

Shima, Keisetsu, Tanji, Jun·1998·Journal of Neurophysiology

DOI 10.1152/jn.1998.80.6.3247

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Abstract

Shima, Keisetsu and Jun Tanji. Both supplementary and presupplementary motor areas are crucial for the temporal organization of multiple movements. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 3247–3260, 1998. To study the involvement of the supplementary (SMA) and presupplementary (pre-SMA) motor areas in performing sequential multiple movements that are individually separated in time, we injected muscimol, a γ-aminobutyric acid agonist, bilaterally into the part of each area that represents the forelimb. Two monkeys were trained to perform three different movements, separated by a waiting time, in four or six different orders. First, each series of movements was learned during five trials guided by visual signals that indicated the correct movements. The monkeys subsequently executed the three movements in the memorized order, without the visual signals. After the injection of muscimol (3 μl, 5 μg/μl in 10 min) into either the SMA or pre-SMA bilaterally, the animals started making errors in performing the sequence of movements correctly from memory. However, when guided with a visual signal, they could select and perform the three movements correctly. The impaired memory-based sequencing of movements worsened progressively with time until the animals could not perform the task. Yet they still could associate the visual signals with the different movements at that stage. In control experiments on two separate monkeys, we found that injections of the same amount of muscimol into either the SMA or pre-SMA did not cause problems with nonsequential reaching movement regardless of whether it was visually triggered or self-initiated. These results support the view that both the SMA and pre-SMA are crucially involved in sequencing multiple movements over time.

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Authors: Shima, K., & Tanji, J.
Affiliations: Tohoku University (JP)
Venue: Journal of Neurophysiology
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 1998-12-01
Volume: 80
Issue: 6
Pages: 3247-3260
ISSN: 0022-3077 (ISSN-L)
1522-1598
DOI: 10.1152/jn.1998.80.6.3247
OpenAlex: W1773066619
Cited by: 272
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 3.19
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords: supplementary motor area, pre-supplementary motor area, motor sequence learning, muscimol inactivation
MeSH terms: Animals, Forearm, Macaca, Microinjections, Motor Cortex, Movement, Muscimol, Neurons, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, GABA Antagonists

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Both Supplementary and Presupplementary Motor Areas Are Crucial for the Temporal Organization of Multiple Movements

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