Molecular Determinants of BK Channel Functional Diversity and Functioning
Open accessAbstract
Large-conductance Ca 2+ - and voltage-activated K + (BK) channels play many physiological roles ranging from the maintenance of smooth muscle tone to hearing and neurosecretion. BK channels are tetramers in which the pore-forming α subunit is coded by a single gene ( Slowpoke, KCNMA1). In this review, we first highlight the physiological importance of this ubiquitous channel, emphasizing the role that BK channels play in different channelopathies. We next discuss the modular nature of BK channel-forming protein, in which the different modules (the voltage sensor and the Ca 2+ binding sites) communicate with the pore gates allosterically. In this regard, we review in detail the allosteric models proposed to explain channel activation and how the models are related to channel structure. Considering their extremely large conductance and unique selectivity to K + , we also offer an account of how these two apparently paradoxical characteristics can be understood consistently in unison, and what we have learned about the conduction system and the activation gates using ions, blockers, and toxins. Attention is paid here to the molecular nature of the voltage sensor and the Ca 2+ binding sites that are located in a gating ring of known crystal structure and constituted by four COOH termini. Despite the fact that BK channels are coded by a single gene, diversity is obtained by means of alternative splicing and modulatory β and γ subunits. We finish this review by describing how the association of the α subunit with β or with γ subunits can change the BK channel phenotype and pharmacology.
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The BK current is activated by membrane depolarization and by Ca2+, which binds to the Ca2+-bowl in the cytoplasmic C-terminal domain and shifts the voltage-dependence of activation to more negative membrane potentials.
“The BK current is activated by both membrane depolarization and by Ca2+, which binds to the Ca2+-bowl in the cytoplasmic C-terminal domain of the BK channel and shifts the voltage-dependence of activation to more negative membrane potentials (370).”
From Pancreatic β-Cell Electrical Activity and Insulin Secretion: Of Mice and Men (2018) · cites this paper as [370]
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- Authors
- Latorre, R., Castillo, K., Carrasquel-Ursulaez, W., Sepulveda, R. V., Gonzalez-Nilo, F., Gonzalez, C., & Alvarez, O.
- Affiliations
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso and Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Avenida Republica 239, Santiago, Chile and Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad Andrés Bello (CL)
- Venue
- Physiological Reviews
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2017-01
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 39-87
- ISSN
- 0031-9333 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1210
- OpenAlex
- W2547422794
- Cited by
- 271
- References
- 95
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 1.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- repositorio.unab.cl
- Locations
- Physiological Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Repositorio Institucional Académico , Sistema de Bibliotecas Universidad Andrés Bello (UNAB) (Universidad Andrés Bello (UNAB)) (submittedVersion)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Millenium Scientific Initiative
- Conicyt (FONDECYT 1150273, FONDECYT 1160261, RI-130006, Anillo ACT-1104)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion channel regulation and function
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Keywords
- BK channels, KCNMA1, channelopathies, allosteric gating, voltage sensor, calcium binding sites, gating ring, potassium selectivity, channel blockers, toxins, alternative splicing, beta subunit, gamma subunit, channel diversity, channel pharmacology
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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