The DOI matches its Crossref record; 309 of the 309 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Muscle Giants: Molecular Scaffolds in Sarcomerogenesis
Open accessAbstract
Myofibrillogenesis in striated muscles is a highly complex process that depends on the coordinated assembly and integration of a large number of contractile, cytoskeletal, and signaling proteins into regular arrays, the sarcomeres. It is also associated with the stereotypical assembly of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the transverse tubules around each sarcomere. Three giant, muscle-specific proteins, titin (3–4 MDa), nebulin (600–800 kDa), and obscurin (∼720–900 kDa), have been proposed to play important roles in the assembly and stabilization of sarcomeres. There is a large amount of data showing that each of these molecules interacts with several to many different protein ligands, regulating their activity and localizing them to particular sites within or surrounding sarcomeres. Consistent with this, mutations in each of these proteins have been linked to skeletal and cardiac myopathies or to muscular dystrophies. The evidence that any of them plays a role as a “molecular template,” “molecular blueprint,” or “molecular ruler” is less definitive, however. Here we review the structure and function of titin, nebulin, and obscurin, with the literature supporting a role for them as scaffolding molecules and the contradictory evidence regarding their roles as molecular guides in sarcomerogenesis.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Identification of ubiquitin ligases required for skeletal muscle atrophy.
Bodine, S. C., Latres, E., Baumhueter, S., Lai, V. K.-M., Nunez, L., Clarke, B. A., Poueymirou, W. T., Panaro, F. J., Na, E., Dharmarajan, K., et al. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1065874 · Cited by 3,521
Lifetime Risk for Developing Congestive Heart Failure: The Framingham Heart Study
Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Larson, M. G., Leip, E. P., Beiser, A., D’Agostino, R. B., Kannel, W. B., Murabito, J. M., Vasan, R. S., Benjamin, E. J., & Levy, D. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000039105.49749.6f · Cited by 1,613
Multiple types of skeletal muscle atrophy involve a common program of changes in gene expression
Lecker, S. H., Jagoe, R. T., Gilbert, A., Gomes, M., Baracos, V., Bailey, J., Price, S. R., Mitch, W. E., & Goldberg, A. L. (2004) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.03-0610com · Cited by 1,539
Titins: Giant Proteins in Charge of Muscle Ultrastructure and Elasticity
Labeit, S., & Kolmerer, B. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.270.5234.293 · Cited by 1,237
Nagase, T. (1998) · DNA Research · doi:10.1093/dnares/5.1.31 · Cited by 842
Actin polymerization and its regulation by proteins from nonmuscle cells.
Korn, E. D. (1982) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1982.62.2.672 · Cited by 739
Bang, M.-L., Centner, T., Fornoff, F., Geach, A. J., Gotthardt, M., McNabb, M., Witt, C. C., Labeit, D., Gregorio, C. C., Granzier, H., et al. (2001) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/hh2301.100981 · Cited by 712
The Giant Protein Titin: A Major Player in Myocardial Mechanics, Signaling, and Disease
Granzier, H. L., & Labeit, S. (2004) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.0000117769.88862.f8 · Cited by 649
Granzier, H. L., & Irving, T. C. (1995) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(95)80278-x · Cited by 640
A new protein of the thick filaments of vertebrate skeletal myofibrils
Offer, G., Moos, C., & Starr, R. (1973) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-2836(73)90055-7 · Cited by 628
Cited by
Fiber Types in Mammalian Skeletal Muscles
Schiaffino, S., & Reggiani, C. (2011) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00031.2010 · Cited by 3,022
Truncations of titin causing dilated cardiomyopathy
Herman, D. S., Lam, L., Taylor, M. R. G., Wang, L., Teekakirikul, P., Christodoulou, D., Conner, L., DePalma, S. R., McDonough, B., Sparks, E., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1110186 · Cited by 1,485
Transcriptional mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle differentiation, growth and homeostasis
Braun, T., & Gautel, M. (2011) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm3118 · Cited by 713
Independent evolution of striated muscles in cnidarians and bilaterians
Steinmetz, P. R. H., Kraus, J. E. M., Larroux, C., Hammel, J. U., Amon-Hassenzahl, A., Houliston, E., Wörheide, G., Nickel, M., Degnan, B. M., & Technau, U. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11180 · Cited by 252
Advances in the Genetic Basis and Pathogenesis of Sarcomere Cardiomyopathies
Yotti, R., Seidman, C. E., & Seidman, J. G. (2019) · Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genom-083118-015306 · Cited by 168
Metadata
- Authors
- Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos, A., Ackermann, M. A., Bowman, A. L., Yap, S. V., & Bloch, R. J.
- Venue
- Physiological Reviews
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2009-10
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1217-1267
- ISSN
- 0031-9333 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1210
- OpenAlex
- W1971161141
- Cited by
- 259
- References
- 309
- FWCI
- 0.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Muscle Giants: Molecular Scaffolds in Sarcomerogenesis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1152/physrev.00017.2009
- The paper
- Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos, A., Ackermann, M. A., Bowman, A. L., Yap, S. V., & Bloch, R. J. (2009). Muscle Giants: Molecular Scaffolds in Sarcomerogenesis. Physiological Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00017.2009
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.