Cited by 1,602Adipose Tissue and MetabolismLipid metabolism and biosynthesisPeroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors

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Thermogenic mechanisms in brown fat.

Nicholls, D G, Locke, R M·1984·Physiological Reviews

DOI 10.1152/physrev.1984.64.1.1

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Mammalian Hibernation: An Escape from the Cold
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“This heat production is mediated by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which can dissipate the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane (Klaus et al. 1991; Nicholls and Locke 1984; Nedergaard et al. 2005).”
Background
Mitochondrial uncoupling protein‐2 reprograms metabolism to induce oxidative stress and myofibroblast senescence in age‐associated lung fibrosis
Rangarajan, S., Locy, M. L., Chanda, D., Kurundkar, A., Kurundkar, D., Larson‐Casey, J. L., Londono, P., Bagchi, R. A., Deskin, B., Elajaili, H. B., et al. (2022) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.13674 · Cited by 46
“…of oxidative phosphorylation in association with the regulated production of heat in brown adipocytes is well recognized (Argyropoulos & Harper, 2002; Nicholls & Locke, 1984), F I G U R E 4 Chronic elevation of UCP2 induces increased production of reactive oxygen species in IPF lung fibroblasts.”
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“Thermogenesis in BAT results from an increase in the rate of substrate oxidation in mitochondria caused by a proton conductance pathway through a 32-kDa “uncoupling protein” (UCP1) of the inner membrane (6, 35, 52).”
Background
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Kageyama, H., Suga, A., Kashiba, M., Oka, J., Osaka, T., Kashiwa, T., Hirano, T., Nemoto, K., Namba, Y., Ricquier, D., et al. (1998) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(98)01506-3 · Cited by 43
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“b3-adrenergic agonists are potent inducers of BAT thermogenesis and were shown to activate the proton carrier UCP1 (18,20,27).”
BackgroundInfluential
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“UCP1 is predominantly expressed in brown adipose tissue (BAT) 79 mitochondria and dissipates upon activation the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial 80 membrane [10], thus uncoupling electron transfer system from ATP synthesis and accelerating 81 mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in order to…”
Background
Inhibition of mitochondrial UCP1 and UCP3 by purine nucleotides and phosphate
Macher, G., Koehler, M., Rupprecht, A., Kreiter, J., Hinterdorfer, P., & Pohl, E. E. (2017) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.12.001 · Cited by 41
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Background
Organ blood flow and brown adipose tissue oxygen consumption during noradrenaline‐induced nonshivering thermogenesis in the djungarian hamster
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Background
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“UCP1 is a protein localized in the inner membrane of mitochondria which uncouples mitochondrial respiration from ATP synthesis (Nicholls & Locke, 1984).”
Background
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“UCP1 is mainly expressed in the BAT and is involved in the heat production [37]. sWAT depots are also able to convert to a ‘brown-like’ state with extended cold exposure or treatment with β-adrenergic compounds [38,39]. eWAT are known to be less susceptible to browning compared to sWAT [49].”
BackgroundInfluential
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Background
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“UCP1 is expressed in brown adipose tissue (BAT), where it dissipates the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, uncoupling the respiratory chain from ATP synthesis (14, 20).”
Background
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“The nucleotide, GDP, is a well-known potent inhibitor of UCP1 activity (29).”
Background
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Background
Tissue-specific gene expression and functional regulation of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) by hypoxia and nutrient availability in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata): implications on the physiological significance of UCP1–3 variants
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“of rodents, hibernators, and newborns (Heaton et al. 1978; Nicholls and Locke 1984).”
Background
Photoperiod and Temperature Can Regulate Body Mass, Serum Leptin Concentration, and Uncoupling Protein 1 in Brandt’s Voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) and Mongolian Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)
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“1522-2152/2007/8003-0094$15.00 Many mammalian species living in temperate zones show seasonal cycles of body mass, food intake, and body fat mass (Mercer 1998; Nieminen and Hyvarinen 2000; Li and Wang 2005a, 2005b).”
BackgroundInfluential
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Activation of thermogenesis of brown fat in rats by Baclofen
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Regulation of GDP binding and uncoupling-protein concentration in brown-adipose-tissue mitochondria. The effects of cold-acclimation, warm-reacclimation and noradrenaline
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Thymus Uncoupling Protein 1 Is Exclusive to Typical Brown Adipocytes and Is Not Found in Thymocytes
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“UCP1 uncouples oxidative phosphorylation by a mechanism of proton leakage, resulting in heat production (Nicholls and Locke 1984; Cannon and Nedergaard 1985; Cinti 1999; Himms-Hagen and Ricquier 1998; Nedergaard et al. 2001).”
Background
Bioengineering Beige Adipose Tissue Therapeutics
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“(5) Post implantation, the hydrogel is biocompatible and degradable so that it is permissive to integrate the recipient’s vascular, immune, and nervous”
Background
Association of Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1) gene polymorphism with obesity: a case-control study
Chathoth, S., Ismail, M. H., Vatte, C., Cyrus, C., Al-Ali, Z. A., Ahmed, K. A., Acharya, S., Barqi, A. M. A., & Ali, A. A. (2018) · BMC Medical Genetics · doi:10.1186/s12881-018-0715-5 · Cited by 38
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Adels, L. E., & Leon, M. (1986) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(86)90094-6 · Cited by 38
Histopathology of interscapular brown adipose tissue, thyroid, and pancreas in 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-treated rats
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Impaired response of UCP family to cold exposure in diabetic (db/db) mice
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Reddy, N. L., Tan, B. K., Barber, T. M., & Randeva, H. S. (2014) · BMC Obesity · doi:10.1186/s40608-014-0013-5 · Cited by 40
“Therefore, the glucose disposal [33] and triglyceride clearance Lipid content Single large droplet occupying up to 90% of cell volume Multiple small lipid droplets To be determined Mitochondria Few Abundant Intermediate Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Little, but recognizable as rough and smooth ER Present, but poorly deve…”
BackgroundInfluential
Protein-mediated energy-dissipating pathways in mitochondria
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The development of insulin resistance in brown adipose tissue may impair the acute cold-induced activation of thermogenesis in genetically obese (ob/ob) mice
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Structural and functional study of a conserved region in the uncoupling protein UCP1: the three matrix loops are involved in the control of transport
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“Regulation of calcium, particularly the shifting of calcium load into mitochondria, is intimately linked to both the necrotic and apoptotic cell death pathways [45, 50].”
Background
Mitochondrial Molecular Basis of Sevoflurane and Propofol Cardioprotection in Patients Undergoing Aortic Valve Replacement with Cardiopulmonary Bypass
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Brown Adipose Tissue—A Therapeutic Target in Obesity?
Trayhurn, P. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01672 · Cited by 37
“Alternative strategies have been proposed and these include central stimulation of the sympathetic innervation to BAT, brown fat transplantation and stem cell therapy (Gunawardana and Piston, 2012; Nishio et al., 2012; Guénantin et al., 2017; Carobbio et al., 2019).”
Method
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In the Uncoupling Protein (UCP-1) His-214 Is Involved in the Regulation of Purine Nucleoside Triphosphate but Not Diphosphate Binding
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Effects of ciglitazone on insulin resistance and thermogenic responsiveness to acute cold in brown adipose tissue of genetically obese (ob/ob) mice
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Norepinephrine and rosiglitazone synergistically induceElovl3expression in brown adipocytes
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Effect of Total Sleep Deprivation on 5′-Deiodinase Activity of Rat Brown Adipose Tissue*
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Overexpression of the human 2-oxoglutarate carrier lowers mitochondrial membrane potential in HEK-293 cells: contrast with the unique cold-induced mitochondrial carrier CGI-69
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Possible role of uncoupling protein in regulation of myocardial energy metabolism in aortic regurgitation model rats
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“In fact, it is reported in BAT that expressions of K- and L-subunits of ATP synthase are lower than in other tissues, although their mRNA levels are as high as in other tissues [28,29], and that UCP1 function in BAT is activated by fatty acids [1].”
Background
Adaptive thermogenesis: Orchestrating mitochondrial biogenesis
Butow, R. A., & Bahassi, E. M. (1999) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(00)80008-1 · Cited by 36
“In response to external stimuli, PGC-1 directs the expression of key regulatory molecules responsible for the synthesis of nuclear-encoded components of the oxidative phosphorylation apparatus: a mitochondrial transcription factor, mtTFA, that controls the replication and transcription of the mitochondrial genome [5],…”
Background

Authors: Nicholls, D. G., & Locke, R. M.
ORCID: Nicholls, D G
Venue: Physiological Reviews
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 1984-01
Volume: 64
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-64
ISSN: 0031-9333 (ISSN-L)
1522-1210
DOI: 10.1152/physrev.1984.64.1.1
OpenAlex: W1900866157
Cited by: 1,602
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 34
FWCI: 44.71
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Physiological Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
Keywords: brown adipose tissue, thermogenesis, non-shivering thermogenesis, UCP1, mitochondrial respiration, energy expenditure
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Physiological, Cyclic AMP, Adenosine Triphosphate, Animals, Biomechanical Phenomena, Body Temperature Regulation, Adipose Tissue, Brown, Carrier Proteins, Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein, Cell Physiological Phenomena, Central Nervous System, Chlorides, Cytosol, Diet, Fatty Acids, Cricetinae, Hibernation, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Insulin, Lipolysis, Mitochondria, Obesity, Oxidation-Reduction, Permeability, Protein Kinases, Proteins, Protons, Receptors, Adrenergic, beta, Respiratory Physiological Phenomena, Sympathetic Nervous System, Thyroid Hormones, Time Factors, Mice, Rats

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