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Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity Are Independent Predictors of Successful Aging in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Open accessAbstract
Background . Sedentary behavior is emerging as an important risk factor for poor health. Physical activity has proven to be important in determining overall successful aging (SA) among older adults; however, no data exists on the influence of sedentary behavior on SA. The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether there is an association between sedentary behavior and successful aging, independent of physical activity levels. Methods . 9,478 older ( M = 4,245; F = 5,233) and 10,060 middle-aged ( M = 4.621; F = 5,439) adults from the Healthy Aging cycle of the Canadian Community Health Survey were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regressions were conducted with SA and its three components as outcomes while physical activity and sedentary behavior were entered as main exposures. Results . Among older adults, compared to those who were sedentary (4 hours or more/day), those who were moderately (2–4 hours/day) and least sedentary (<2 hours/day) were 38% (OR: 1.38; CI: 1.12–1.69) and 43% (OR: 1.43; CI: 1.23–1.67) more likely to age successfully, respectively. Among middle-aged adults, those who were least sedentary were 43% (OR: 1.43; CI: 1.25–1.63) more likely to age successfully. Conclusions . These novel findings suggest that sedentary activities are significantly associated with lower odds of SA among middle-aged and older adults, potentially in a dose-dependent manner.
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“Recently, an emergence of research in sedentary behavior (SB) has indicated that SB is an independent health risk factor, separate to lack of PA, associated with successful aging, morbidity and mortality [2,3,4].”
From Prevalence of Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults: A Systematic Review (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“These results were obtained for a total population of 372,550 compiled from seven surveys covering six countries (Australia, Canada, Norway, Spain, UK and USA) [3,17,18,24,25,27,33].”
From Prevalence of Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults: A Systematic Review (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“It would appear there is little difference in report by gender (1.6 ± 1.6%) [3,17,18].”
From Prevalence of Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults: A Systematic Review (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“On average 61.5% females reported more than 4 h of sitting compared to males at 63.5% [3,17,18].”
From Prevalence of Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults: A Systematic Review (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Those individuals who are less sedentary tend to age more successfully and report better quality of life [3,25].”
From Prevalence of Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults: A Systematic Review (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
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“Among older adults, high levels of sedentary time have been associated with frailty, disablement, social isolation [12], and less successful aging [13].”
BackgroundAssociation of Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity with Depression in Sport University Students
Zhou, H., Dai, X., Lou, L., Zhou, C., & Zhang, W. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18189881 · Cited by 40
Heseltine, R., Skelton, D. A., Kendrick, D., Morris, R. W., Griffin, M., Haworth, D., Masud, T., & Iliffe, S. (2015) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-015-0284-z · Cited by 37
“Increased sedentary behaviour is further associated with functional limitations [11, 13, 16], falls [13], poorer quality of life [17], experiencing severe pain [16] and lower likelihood of successful aging, measured across both physical and psychological domains [17].”
BackgroundTully, M. A., McMullan, I., Blackburn, N. E., Wilson, J. J., Coll‐Planas, L., Deidda, M., Caserotti, P., Rothenbacher, D., & _, _. (2019) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2019-0311 · Cited by 36
Harvey, J., Skelton, D. A., & CHASTIN, S. F. M. (2016) · AIMS Public Health · doi:10.3934/publichealth.2016.1.158 · Cited by 31
McGowan, L. J., Powell, R., & French, D. (2019) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2018-0274 · Cited by 31
Liu, J., Yin, C., & Sun, B. (2024) · Journal of Transport & Health · doi:10.1016/j.jth.2024.101757 · Cited by 29
Dogra, S., & Stathokostas, L. (2014) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s00038-014-0540-3 · Cited by 29
“Further, a recent investigation found that older adults who are sedentary are less likely to age successfully in the physical, psychological and sociological domains, regardless of their physical activity levels (Dogra and Stathokostas 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citationCai, X., Qian, G., Wang, F., Zhang, M., Da, Y., & Liang, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1221990 · Cited by 31
“Association between SB and the risk of MCI in the elderly In total, 14 articles investigated the relationship between SB and the risk of MCI in the elderly, with a sample size of 73,352 cases (Dogra and Stathokostas, 2012; Gillum et al., 2015; Lara et al., 2016; Paulo et al., 2016; Brunner et al., 2017; Ku et al., 201…”
BackgroundGogniat, M. A., Khan, O. A., Li, J., Park, C., Robb, W. H., Zhang, P., Sun, Y., Moore, E. E., Houston, M. L., Pechman, K. R., et al. (2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.70157 · Cited by 30
“16 Studies show older adults who engage in more sedentary behavior have worse executive function, 17 memory, 18 and neurodegeneration, particularly within the medial temporal lobe 19 and white matter.”
Bruseghini, P., Tam, E., Calabria, E., Milanese, C., Capelli, C., & Galvani, C. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17031083 · Cited by 28
“Other strengths include (1) objective measurement of daily physical activity and energy expenditure using a multisensor activity monitor: our study highlights the ease of use of a SenseWear Armband Mini for evaluating physical lifestyle in older adults; (2) assessment of physical activity over a 6-day period; (3) anal…”
MethodGarcía‐Hermoso, A., Ramírez‐Vélez, R., Celis-Morales, C. A., Olloquequi, J., & Izquierdo, M. (2018) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2018.03.002 · Cited by 29
“have suggested that sedentary behavior is significantly associated with decreased odds of successful aging among middle-aged and older adults, independent of physical activity (Dogra and Stathokostas, 2012).”
Horton, S., Dionigi, R. A., Gard, M., Baker, J. R., & Weir, P. L. (2018) · Journal of Amateur Sport · doi:10.17161/jas.v4i1.6627 · Cited by 33
“Much of the supporting evidence for ‘successful aging’ comes from research on physical activity involvement (or lack thereof) in older adults (Colley et al., 2011; Dogra & Stathokostas, 2012; Harvey, Chastin & Skelton, 2015; Meisner, Dogra, Logan, Baker, & Weir, 2010).”
BackgroundRamadi, A., Buijs, D. M., Threlfall, T. G., Aggarwal, S., Arena, R. A., Rodgers, W. M., & Haennel, R. G. (2016) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/jcn.0000000000000341 · Cited by 27
“5 metabolic equivalents or less.(19,20) Light PA was defined as activities that required an energy expenditure of 1.”
BackgroundPreissner, C. E., Kaushal, N., Charles, K., & Knaüper, B. (2022) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbac105 · Cited by 27
“Among other modifiable lifestyle factors associated with psychological aging and well-being (Dogra & Stathokostas, 2012; Mitina et al., 2020), physical activity (PA) has been demonstrated to prevent or reduce the burden of several physical illnesses (Warburton & Brendin 2017).”
VanRavenstein, K., & Davis, B. H. (2018) · JMIR Aging · doi:10.2196/11955 · Cited by 25
“The World Health Organization calls for a 10% increase in physical activity (PA) and encourages community-based XSL • FO RenderX collaborations to formulate evidence-based, cost-effective means to achieve this goal [3].”
BackgroundOrtolá, R., García‐Esquinas, E., Cabanas‐Sánchez, V., Migueles, J. H., Martínez‐Gómez, D., & Rodríguez‐Artalejo, F. (2020) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glaa177 · Cited by 27
Braun, S. I., Kim, Y., Jetton, A. E., Kang, M., & Morgan, D. W. (2015) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.04.012 · Cited by 25
Sedentary behavior and physical activity in cardiac rehabilitation participants
Ramadi, A., & Haennel, R. G. (2018) · Heart & Lung · doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2018.09.008 · Cited by 26
“5 metabolic equivalents (METs).(22,23) Any interruption in sedentary time that lasted for 1 consecutive minutes was considered a break (EE> 1.”
BackgroundHo, M., Pullenayegum, E., Burnes, D. P. R., & Fuller‐Thomson, E. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192013199 · Cited by 26
Volume and Patterns of Physical Activity Across the Health and Heart Failure Continuum
Yavari, M., Haykowsky, M. J., Savu, A., Kaul, P., Dyck, J. R. B., & Haennel, R. G. (2017) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.005 · Cited by 24
Javaheri, P. A., Nekolaichuk, C., Haennel, R. G., Parliament, M. B., & McNeely, M. L. (2015) · Physiotherapy Canada · doi:10.3138/ptc.2014-24o · Cited by 24
Leask, C. F., Sandlund, M., Skelton, D. A., Tulle, E., & CHASTIN, S. F. M. (2016) · AIMS Public Health · doi:10.3934/publichealth.2016.3.542 · Cited by 21
“The deleterious health outcomes of prolonged SB are independent of individuals’ physical activity levels [7] and as a result, several countries have introduced specific guidelines that recommend SB should be reduced where possible, such as the United Kingdom [8].”
BackgroundTesting a Model of Successful Aging in a Cohort of Masters Swimmers
Geard, D., Rebar, A. L., Reaburn, P. R. J., & Dionigi, R. A. (2017) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2016-0357 · Cited by 22
Duarte, M. M., Martínez-de-Haro, V., Arribas, I. S., de Andrade, A. G. P., & Chagas, M. H. (2017) · Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte · doi:10.15366/rimcafd2017.65.008 · Cited by 20
Caregiving, Transport-Related, and Demographic Correlates of Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults
White, M. N., King, A. C., Sallis, J. F., Frank, L. D., Saelens, B. E., Conway, T. L., Cain, K. L., & Kerr, J. (2015) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264315611668 · Cited by 20
“Greater TV and sitting time also has been linked with greater functional decline, worse cognitive function, increased chronic disease and depression, and decreased social support and engagement with life (Dogra & Stathokostas, 2012; Seguin et al., 2012).”
BackgroundMatson, T. E., Anderson, M. L., Renz, A. D., Greenwood-Hickman, M. A., McClure, J. B., & Rosenberg, D. E. (2019) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/0890117119841405 · Cited by 21
“However, it is unknown whether an SB intervention impacts indicators of self-reported health such as functional and mental health that are important to healthy aging.(11) Emerging evidence on sedentary older adults suggests that functional and mental health outcomes may vary.”
Kotlarczyk, M. P., Hergenroeder, A. L., Gibbs, B. B., Cameron, F. D. A., Hamm, M., & Brach, J. S. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17176415 · Cited by 21
“Several studies have found these health risks to be independent of time spent engaged in physical activity, distinguishing sedentary behavior as an important determinant of health outcomes [3,6,9].”
BackgroundYu, J., Mock, S. E., & Smale, B. J. A. (2021) · Leisure Studies · doi:10.1080/02614367.2021.1926530 · Cited by 18
“…et al., 2010), is negatively related to wellbeing (Buman et al., 2010), predicts worse performance on scales of physical functioning, physical role, bodily pain, vitality, and social functioning (Balboa-Castillo et al., 2011), and leads to less successful ageing (Dogra & Stathokostas, 2012).”
BackgroundDevice-measured sedentary behavior in oldest old adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Webster, K. E., Zhou, W.-J., Gallagher, N., Smith, E. M. L., Gothe, N. P., Ploutz-Snyder, R., Colabianchi, N., & Larson, J. (2021) · Preventive medicine reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101405 · Cited by 17
“…physical, psychological, and sociological domains; (Dogra and Stathokostas, 2012) increased risk of developing physical frailty; (Song et al., 2015) and increased risk of disability in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living (Chen et al., 2016; Dunlop et al., 2015).”
BackgroundMethodDillon, K., & Harry Prapavessis, A. (2020) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2019-0440 · Cited by 17
Carral, M. D. R., Bourqui, V., Vuilleumier, N., Ortieb, A., & Bouri, M. (2021) · International Journal of Social Robotics · doi:10.1007/s12369-021-00810-9 · Cited by 17
Kamelska, A. M., Krzysztof, M., & Żmijewski, P. (2015) · Journal of Human Kinetics · doi:10.1515/hukin-2015-0095 · Cited by 17
“Physical inactivity and low physical fitness were also established as independent predictors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (Dogra and Stathokostas, 2012).”
BackgroundLee-Bravatti, M., O’Neill, H. J., Wurth, R. C., Sotos‐Prieto, M., Gao, X., Falcón, L. M., Tucker, K. L., & Mattei, J. (2020) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glaa259 · Cited by 18
Čukić, I., Shaw, R. J., Der, G., CHASTIN, S. F. M., Dontje, M. L., Gill, J. M. R., Starr, J. M., Skelton, D. A., Radaković, R., Cox, S. R., et al. (2018) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/pag0000221 · Cited by 18
Comportamento Sedentário em Idosos: Uma Revisão Sistemática
dos Santos, R. G., Medeiros, J. C., Schmitt, B. D., Meneguci, J., Santos, D. D. A. T., Damião, R., Tribess, S., & Júnior, J. S. V. (2015) · Motricidade · doi:10.6063/motricidade.3184 · Cited by 20
Developing a comprehensive measure of mobility: mobility over varied environments scale (MOVES)
Hirsch, J. A., Winters, M., Sims‐Gould, J., Clarke, P. J., Ste-Marie, N., Ashe, M. C., & McKay, H. A. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4450-1 · Cited by 16
“Because sedentary behavior and physical activity independently predict successful aging [33], physical activity was measured using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), a validated and copyrighted instrument (1991) developed by the New England Research Institutes (NERI) to provide an overall assessment o…”
MethodDontje, M. L., Leask, C. F., Harvey, J., Skelton, D. A., & CHASTIN, S. F. M. (2017) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2016-0267 · Cited by 18
Instructor strategies to support older adults’ physical literacy in community dance classes
Magrath, J., Din, C., Paglione, V., Kenny, S. J., & McDonough, M. H. (2022) · Research in Dance Education · doi:10.1080/14647893.2022.2115994 · Cited by 15
“As described earlier, this reduced participation and lack of PA can negatively impact older adults’ overall health and wellbeing (Dogra and Stathokostas 2012).”
Campelo, A. M., Weisberg, A., Sheehan, D. P., Schneider, K., Cossich, V. R. A., & Katz, L. (2023) · Games for Health Journal · doi:10.1089/g4h.2022.0212 · Cited by 15
“26 However, the practice of a conventional exercise program is often considered monotonous and boring among older adults, leading to loss of interest and discontinuation of regular engagement.”
Cao, Y., Hu, Y., Lei, F., Zhang, X., Liu, W., Huang, X., Sun, T., Lin, L., Yi, M., Li, Y., et al. (2024) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2024.117208 · Cited by 20
ter Hoeve, N., Ekblom, M., Galanti, M. R., Forsell, Y., & Nooijen, C. F. J. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037659 · Cited by 15
Metadata
- Authors
- Dogra, S., & Stathokostas, L.
- Affiliations
- Acadia University (CA)
- Western University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Dogra, Shilpa
- Venue
- Journal of Aging Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 2012
- Pages
- 1-8
- ISSN
- 2090-2204 (ISSN-L)
- 2090-2212
- PMC
- PMC3446656
- OpenAlex
- W2020651243
- Cited by
- 252
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 10.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Aging Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Keywords
- sedentary behavior, physical activity, successful aging, middle-aged adults, older adults, dose-response relationship, aging
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