Electrical Muscle Stimulation: An Effective Form of Exercise and Early Mobilization to Preserve Muscle Strength in Critically Ill Patients
Open accessAbstract
Purpose. This is a secondary analysis of previously published data to investigate the effects of electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) on strength of various muscle groups in critically ill patients.Methods. One hundred forty-two consecutive patients, with APACHE IIscore≥13, were randomly assigned to the EMS or the control group. EMS sessions were applied daily on vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and peroneus longus of both lower extremities. Various muscle groups were evaluated with the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale for muscle strength. Handgrip strength assessment was also employed.Results. Twenty four patients in the EMS group and 28 patients in the control group were finally evaluated. EMS patients achieved higher MRC scores than controls (P≤0.05) in wrist flexion, hip flexion, knee extension, and ankle dorsiflexion. Collectively, the EMS group performed higher (P<0.01) in the legs and overall. Handgrip strength correlated (P≤0.01) with the upper and lower extremities’ muscle strength and the overall MRC scores.Conclusions. EMS has beneficial effects on the strength of critically ill patients mainly affecting muscle groups stimulated, while it may also affect muscle groups not involved presenting itself as a potential effective means of muscle strength preservation and early mobilization in this patient population.
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A small number of trials have shown that modest physical activity is possible in people with chronic illnesses or those recovering from critical illness.
“Thus, a small number of trials have shown that modest physical activity is possible in people with chronic illnesses or those recovering from critical illness, 169e171 but more and larger trials are needed to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of such strategies, especially because protein supplementation alone may not be sufficient to rescue very old people or those with severe muscle loss.160”
From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as [170]
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“Exercise, in general is known to exert anti-inflammatory effects [25], and this may be the case for EMS [26, 27].”
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- Authors
- Karatzanos, E., Gerovasili, V., Zervakis, D., Tripodaki, E.-S., Apostolou, K., Vasileiadis, I., Papadopoulos, E., Mitsiou, G., Tsimpouki, D., Routsi, C., & Nanas, S.
- Affiliations
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- First Critical Care Department, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 75 Athens, Greece
- Corresponding author
- Nanas, Serafim
- Venue
- Critical Care Research and Practice
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 2012
- Pages
- 1-8
- ISSN
- 2090-1305 (ISSN-L)
- 2090-1313
- PMC
- PMC3321528
- OpenAlex
- W2045885579
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 6.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Critical Care Research and Practice (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- General Secretariat for Research and Technology
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
- Keywords
- neuromuscular electrical stimulation, critical illness, early mobilization, intensive care unit patients, grip strength, Medical Research Council scale, APACHE II score
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