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Phytotoxicity of Mercury in Plants: A Review
Open accessAbstract
With the advent of the industrial revolution, heavy metal contamination has become an ever increasing concern. Thus, it is of major importance to understand the extent of the toxicity in plants and animals and the consequences from the ingestion of contaminated food. Hg is easily modified into several oxidation states, and it can be spread in many ecosystems. Due to the recurrence of Hg pollution and due to the lack of knowledge about the effects of this heavy metal in plants, the aim of the present text is to provide a comprehensive review of the literature regarding Hg phytotoxicity.
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The permeability of cell membranes and the number of palisades may be reduced in the presence of mercury, resulting in the buildup of Fe and the loss of essential elements like Mg and K.
“The permeability of cell membranes and the number of palisades may be reduced in the presence of Hg, resulting in the buildup of Fe and the loss of essential elements like Mgand K (Shiyab et al., 2009; Tangahu et al., 2011; Azevedo and Rodriguez, 2012).”
From Plant hyperaccumulators: a state-of-the-art review on mechanism of heavy metal transport and sequestration (2025) · cites this paper as Azevedo and Rodriguez, 2012
Section 5.1 (page not provided) says mercury can change cell-membrane permeability and that exposure can cause loss of potassium and magnesium and accumulation of iron. It does not say permeability is reduced or that these changes result from reduced permeability; it says the element losses help explain changes in membrane permeability. The passages do not support a reduction in the number of palisades. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMercury interaction with thiol groups in tissues rich in SH ligands, such as seed and embryo, results in the development of an S-Hg-S bridge, disrupting the group's stability and affecting seed germination and embryo development.
“Hg interaction with thiol (SH) groups in tissues rich in SH ligands, such as seed and embryo, results in the development of an S-Hg-S bridge, which disrupts the group’s stability. Seed germination and embryo development are both affected by this binding.”
From Plant hyperaccumulators: a state-of-the-art review on mechanism of heavy metal transport and sequestration (2025) · cites this paper as Azevedo and Rodriguez, 2012
Section 5.1 (General Effects) says Hg forms an S-Hg-S bridge with SH groups, disrupting their stability, and that this can affect seed germination and embryo growth. The citing sentence presents those effects as certain, whereas the review describes them as possible. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMercury affects the antioxidant defense system by altering enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and disrupting cells.
“Hg also affects the antioxidant defense system by altering enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and disrupting cells (Azevedo and Rodriguez, 2012), negatively affecting light and dark photosynthetic responses.”
From Plant hyperaccumulators: a state-of-the-art review on mechanism of heavy metal transport and sequestration (2025) · cites this paper as Azevedo and Rodriguez, 2012
Phytotoxic effects of high mercury levels on plants are possible.
“Phytotoxic effects of high mercury levels on plants are possible (Azevedo and Rodriguez, 2012; Rocha et al., 2019).”
From Plant hyperaccumulators: a state-of-the-art review on mechanism of heavy metal transport and sequestration (2025) · cites this paper as Azevedo and Rodriguez, 2012
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Cites
Heavy metals, occurrence and toxicity for plants: a review
Nagajyoti, P. C., Lee, K. D., & Sreekanth, T. V. M. (2010) · Environmental Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1007/s10311-010-0297-8 · Cited by 3,962
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Pasricha, S., Mathur, V., Garg, A., Lenka, S., Verma, K., & Agarwal, S. (2021) · Environmental Challenges · doi:10.1016/j.envc.2021.100197 · Cited by 196
Bhat, B. A., Rather, M. A., Bilal, T., Nazir, R., Qadir, R. U., & Mir, R. A. (2025) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2025.1631378 · Cited by 68
“Hg also affects the antioxidant defense system by altering enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and disrupting cells (Azevedo and Rodriguez, 2012), negatively affecting light and dark photosynthetic responses.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Azevedo, R., & Rodriguez, E.
- Affiliations
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 220 Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- ORCID
- Rodriguez, Eleazar
- Venue
- Journal of Botany
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-05-20
- Volume
- 2012
- Pages
- 1-6
- ISSN
- 2090-0120 (ISSN-L)
- 2090-0139
- OpenAlex
- W2036040108
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Botany (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (SFRH/BPD/75696/2011)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Mercury impact and mitigation studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Keywords
- mercury, phytotoxicity, heavy metal contamination, contaminated food
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