Accumulators and excluders ‐strategies in the response of plants to heavy metals
Abstract
Plants colonizing metalliferous soils have evolved physiological mechanisms which enable them to tolerate metal toxicity. These mechanisms do not generally suppress metal uptake but result in internal detoxification. Two basic strategies of plant response are suggested, accumulators and excluders. In the former, metals can be concentrated in plant parts from low or high background levels. By contrast, differential uptake and transport between root and shoot in excluders, lead to more or less constant low shoot levels over a wide range of external concentration. ‘Indicators’ are seen as a further mode of response where proportional relationships exist between metal levels in the soil, uptake and accumulation in plant parts. The physiological properties of accumulator and excluder species are considered in relation to metal tolerance mechanisms.
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“Baker (1981) suggested that plants could be classified into three categories: (1) excluders: those that grow in metal-contaminated soil and maintain shoot concentration at low level up to a critical soil value above which relatively unrestricted root-to-shoot transport result, (2) accumulators:…”
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- Authors
- Baker, A. J. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Baker, A. J. M.
- ORCID
- Baker, A. J. M.
- Venue
- Journal of Plant Nutrition
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1981-01
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1-4
- Pages
- 643-654
- ISSN
- 0190-4167 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-4087
- OpenAlex
- W2157845544
- Cited by
- 2,233
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 57 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 89 · 2023: 95 · 2022: 107 · 2021: 122 · 2020: 148 · 2019: 102 · 2018: 118 · 2017: 101 · 2016: 95 · 2015: 100 · 2014: 108 · 2013: 86 · 2012: 99
- FWCI
- 3.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Plant Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Heavy Metals in Plants
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
- Keywords
- heavy metal tolerance, metal accumulation, metal exclusion, metal transport, metal detoxification, metalliferous soils, metal indicators, metal uptake, root-shoot partitioning
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