The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Properties and Therapeutic Application of Bromelain: A Review
Open accessAbstract
Bromelain belongs to a group of protein digesting enzymes obtained commercially from the fruit or stem of pineapple. Fruit bromelain and stem bromelainare prepared differently and they contain different enzymatic composition. “Bromelain” refers usually to the “stem bromelain.” Bromelain is a mixture of different thiol endopeptidases and other components like phosphatase, glucosidase, peroxidase, cellulase, escharase, and several protease inhibitors.In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that bromelain exhibits various fibrinolytic, antiedematous, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Bromelain is considerably absorbable in the body without losing its proteolytic activity and without producing any major side effects. Bromelain accounts for many therapeutic benefits like the treatment of angina pectoris, bronchitis, sinusitis, surgical trauma, and thrombophlebitis, debridement of wounds, and enhanced absorption of drugs, particularly antibiotics. It also relieves osteoarthritis, diarrhea, and various cardiovascular disorders. Bromelain also possesses some anticancerous activities and promotes apoptotic cell death. This paper reviews the important properties and therapeutic applications of bromelain, along with the possible mode of action.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Colowick, S. P., Joshi, M. D., Jagannathan, & KAPLAN, N. O. (1966) · Cited by 26,137
Mantovani, A., Allavena, P., Sica, A., & Balkwill, F. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07205 · Cited by 11,399
Inflammation and cancer: An ancient link with novel potentials
Perwez Hussain, S., & Harris, C. C. (2007) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.23173 · Cited by 1,097
Bromelain: biochemistry, pharmacology and medical use
Maurer, H. R. (2001) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/pl00000936 · Cited by 674
Cyclooxygenases, prostanoids, and tumor progression
Wang, M.-T., Honn, K. V., & Nie, D. (2007) · Cancer and Metastasis Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10555-007-9096-5 · Cited by 345
Bromelain, the enzyme complex of pineapple (Ananas comosus) and its clinical application. An update
Taussig, S. J., & Batkin, S. (1988) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/0378-8741(88)90127-4 · Cited by 256
Bromelain’s activity and potential as an anti-cancer agent: Current evidence and perspectives
Chobotova, K., Vernallis, A. B., & Majid, F. A. A. (2010) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2009.08.001 · Cited by 209
Adhesion molecules. A rheumatologic perspective
Mojcik, C. F., & Shevach, E. M. (1997) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780400602 · Cited by 151
Bromelain as a Treatment for Osteoarthritis: a Review of Clinical Studies
Brien, S. M. O., Lewith, G. T., Walker, A. F., Hicks, S. M., & Middleton, D. (2004) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1093/ecam/neh035 · Cited by 147
Bhui, K., Prasad, S., George, J., & Shukla, Y. (2009) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2009.03.003 · Cited by 144
Therapeutic Application of Pineapple Protease (Bromelain): A Review
Tochi, B. N., Wang, Z., Xu, S. Y., & Zhang, W. (2008) · Pakistan Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3923/pjn.2008.513.520 · Cited by 139
Stem bromelain—A new protease preparation from pineapple plants
Heinicke, R. M., & Gortner, W. A. (1957) · Economic Botany · doi:10.1007/bf02860437 · Cited by 121
Mynott, T. L., Ladhams, A., Scarmato, P., & Engwerda, C. R. (1999) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.163.5.2568 · Cited by 115
Napper, A. D., Bennett, S., Borowski, M., Holdridge, M. B., Leonard, M. J., Rogers, E. E., Duan, Y., Laursen, R. A., Reinhold, B. B., & Shames, S. L. (1994) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj3010727 · Cited by 111
Juhász, B., Thirunavukkarasu, M., Pant, R., Zhan, L., Penumathsa, S. V., Secor, E. R., Srivastava, S., Raychaudhuri, U., Menon, V. P., Otani, H., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01005.2007 · Cited by 107
Bromelain Modulates T Cell and B Cell Immune Responses in Vitro and in Vivo
Engwerda, C. R., Andrew, D., Ladhams, A., & Mynott, T. L. (2001) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1006/cimm.2001.1807 · Cited by 104
[38] Pineapple cysteine endopeptidases
Rowan, A. D., & Buttle, D. J. (1994) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/0076-6879(94)44040-9 · Cited by 101
FILIPPOVA, I. Y., LYSOGORSKAYA, E. N., Oksenoit, E. S., et al. (1984) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(84)90665-1 · Cited by 95
Proteolytic activity and immunogenicity of oral bromelain within the gastrointestinal tract of mice
Hale, L. P. (2004) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2003.12.010 · Cited by 92
Hale, L. P., & Haynes, B. F. (1992) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.149.12.3809 · Cited by 86
Bromelain Activates Murine Macrophages and Natural Killer Cells in Vitro
Engwerda, C. R., Andrew, D., Murphy, M. L., & Mynott, T. L. (2001) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1006/cimm.2001.1793 · Cited by 74
Bromelain Reversibly Inhibits Invasive Properties of Glioma Cells
Tysnes, B. B., Maurert, H. R., Porwol, T., Probst, B., Bjerkvig, R., & Hoover, F. (2001) · Neoplasia · doi:10.1038/sj.neo.7900196 · Cited by 71
Eckert, K., Grabowska, E., Stange, R., et al. (1999) · Oncology Reports · doi:10.3892/or.6.6.1191 · Cited by 64
Therapy with Proteolytic Enzymes in Rheumatic Disorders
Leipner, J. R., Iten, F., & Saller, R. (2001) · BioDrugs · doi:10.2165/00063030-200115120-00001 · Cited by 60
Mynott, T., Guandalini, S., Raimondi, F., et al. (1997) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(97)70093-3 · Cited by 56
Barth, H., Guseo, A., & Klein, R. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 55
Huang, J., Wu, C.-C., Hou, R. C., & Jeng, K.-C. G. (2008) · Immunological Investigations · doi:10.1080/08820130802083622 · Cited by 55
Bromelain treatment reduces CD25 expression on activated CD4+ T cells in vitro
Secor, E. R., Singh, A., Guernsey, L. A., McNamara, J. T., Zhan, L., Maulik, N., & Thrall, R. S. (2009) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2008.12.012 · Cited by 53
Bromelain Ameliorates the Wound Microenvironment and Improves the Healing of Firearm Wounds
Wu, S., Hu, W., Zhang, B., et al. (2011) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2011.11.1027 · Cited by 50
Desser, L., Rehberger, A., Kokron, E., & Paukovits, W. R. (2009) · Oncology · doi:10.1159/000227219 · Cited by 48
Desser, L., Rehberger, A., & Paukovits, W. (1994) · Cancer Biotherapy · doi:10.1089/cbr.1994.9.253 · Cited by 45
Hou, R. C., Chen, Y.-S., Huang, J., & Jeng, K.-C. G. (2006) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf052390k · Cited by 45
Inactivation kinetics of enzyme pharmaceuticals in aqueous solution.
Yoshioka, S., Izutsu, K., Aso, Y., & Takeda, Y. (1991) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1015899011324 · Cited by 40
Medication Use for Diabetes, Hypertension, and Hypercholesterolemia from 1988–1994 to 2001–2006
King, D. E., Ellis, T. M., Everett, C. J., & Mainous, A. G. (2009) · Southern Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/smj.0b013e3181bc74c8 · Cited by 8
Lawrence (1998) · doi:10.1002/1529-0131(199805)41:5<778::aid-art4>3.0.co;2-v
Cited by
Osorio, L. L. D. R., Flórez-López, E., & Grande-Tovar, C. D. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26020515 · Cited by 367
Nanoparticles for modulating tumor microenvironment to improve drug delivery and tumor therapy
Yang, S., & Gao, H. (2017) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2017.05.004 · Cited by 256
Roselli, V., Pugliese, G., Leuci, R., Brunetti, L., Gambacorta, L., Tufarelli, V., & Piemontese, L. (2024) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules29112682 · Cited by 53
Parisi, G. F., Carota, G., Castruccio Castracani, C., Spampinato, M., Manti, S., Papale, M., Di Rosa, M., Barbagallo, I., & Leonardi, S. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22052465 · Cited by 43
Bromelain enhances digestibility of Spirulina-based fish feed
Sharma, S. A., Surveswaran, S., Arulraj, J., & Velayudhannair, K. (2021) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-020-02337-4 · Cited by 15
Metadata
- Authors
- Pavan, R., Jain, S., Shraddha, & Kumar, A.
- Venue
- Biotechnology Research International
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-12-10
- Volume
- 2012
- Pages
- 1-6
- ISSN
- 2090-3138 (ISSN-L)
- 2090-3146
- OpenAlex
- W2157745445
- Cited by
- 484
- References
- 35
- FWCI
- 3.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
