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Ectopic fat and insulin resistance: pathophysiology and effect of diet and lifestyle interventions.
Open accessAbstract
The storage of triglyceride (TG) droplets in nonadipose tissues is called ectopic fat storage. Ectopic fat is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Not the triglycerides per se but the accumulation of intermediates of lipid metabolism in organs, such as the liver, skeletal muscle, and heart seem to disrupt metabolic processes and impair organ function. We describe the mechanisms of ectopic fat depositions in the liver, skeletal muscle, and in and around the heart and the consequences for each organs function. In addition, we systematically reviewed the literature for the effects of diet-induced weight loss and exercise on ectopic fat depositions.
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“In addition, obesity-related insulin resistance is associated with impaired insulin-mediated inhibition of lipolysis in adipose tissue (AT), resulting in an increased efflux of free fatty acids (FFAs) into the blood and, consequently, ectopic lipid deposition (Snel et al., 2012).”
From Effect of Exercise Training on Fat Loss—Energetic Perspectives and the Role of Improved Adipose Tissue Function and Body Fat Distribution (2021) · cites this paper as Snel et al., 2012
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“Lipid deposition in the liver and muscle directly increases insulin resistance”
From Effect of Exercise Training on Fat Loss—Energetic Perspectives and the Role of Improved Adipose Tissue Function and Body Fat Distribution (2021) · cites this paper as Snel et al., 2012
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Metadata
- Authors
- Snel, M., Jonker, J. T., Schoones, J., Lamb, H., de Roos, A., Pijl, H., Smit, J. W. A., Meinders, A. E., & Jazet, I. M.
- Affiliations
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Corresponding author
- Jazet, I. M.
- Venue
- International Journal of Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 2012
- Pages
- 1-18
- ISSN
- 1687-8337 (ISSN-L)
- 1687-8345
- PMC
- PMC3366269
- OpenAlex
- W2025152562
- Cited by
- 368
- References
- 124
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 20.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- ectopic fat, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, diet-induced weight loss, physical activity, lifestyle intervention
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